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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2003

Performance Evaluation and Software Design for EVA Robotic Assistant Stereo Vision Heads

The purpose of this project was to aid the EVA Robotic Assistant project by evaluating and designing the necessary interfaces for two stereo vision heads - the TracLabs Biclops pan-tilt-verge head, and the Helpmate Zebra pan-tilt-verge head. The first half of the project consisted of designing the necessary software interface so that the other modules of the EVA Robotic Assistant had proper access to all of the functionalities offered by each of the stereovision heads. This half took most of the project time, due to a lack of ready-made CORBA drivers for either of the heads. Once this was overcome, the evaluation stage of the project began. The second half of the project was to take these interfaces and to evaluate each of the stereo vision heads in terms of usefulness to the project. In the key project areas such as stability and reliability, the Zebra pan-tilt-verge head came out on top. However, the Biclops did have many more advantages over the Zebra, such as: lower power consumption, faster communications, and a simpler, cleaner API. Overall, the Biclops pan-tilt-verge head outperformed the Zebra pan-tilt-verge head.

DiPaolo, Daniel↗
NASA NTRS2003

Design and Testing of Non-Toxic RCS Thrusters for Second Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle

The current NASA Space Shuttle auxiliary propulsion system utilizes nitrogen tetroxide (NTO) and monomethylhydrazine (MMH), hypergolic propellants. This use of these propellants has resulted in high levels of maintenance and precautions that contribute to costly launch operations. By employing alternate propellant combinations, those less toxic to humans, the hazards and time required between missions can be significantly reduced. Use of alternate propellants can thereby increase the efficiency and lower the cost in launch operations. In support of NASA's Space Launch Initiative (SLI), TRW proposed a three-phase project structured to significantly increase the technology readiness of a high-performance reaction control subsystem (RCS) thruster using non-toxic propellant for an operationally efficient and reusable auxiliary propulsion system (APS). The project enables the development of an integrated primary/vernier thruster capable of providing dual-thrust levels of both 1000-lbf class thrust and 25-lbf thrust. The intent of the project is to reduce the risk associated with the development of an improved RCS flight design that meets the primary NASA objectives of improved safety and reliability while reducing systems operations and maintenance costs. TRW proposed two non-toxic auxiliary propulsion engine designs, one using liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen and the other using liquid oxygen and liquid ethanol, as candidates to meet the goals of reliability and affordability at the RCS level. Both of these propellant combinations offer the advantage of a safe environment for maintenance, while at the same time providing adequate to excellent performance for a conventional liquid propulsion systems. The key enabling technology incorporated in both TRW thrusters is the coaxial liquid on liquid pintle injector. This paper will concentrate on only the design and testing of one of the thrusters, the liquid oxygen (LOX) and liquid hydrogen (LH2) thruster. The LOX/LH2 thruster design includes a LOX-centered pintle injector, consisting of two rows of slots that create a radial spoke spray pattern in the combustion chamber. The main fuel injector creates a continuous sheet of LH2 originating upstream of the LOX pintle injector. The two propellants impinge at the pintle slots, where the resulting momentum ratio and spray pattern determines the combustion efficiency and thermal effects on the hardware. Another enabling technology used in the design of this thruster is fuel film cooling through a duct, lining the inner wall of the combustion chamber barrel section. The duct is also acts as a secondary fuel injection point. The variation in the amount of LH2 used for the duct allows for adjustments in the cooling capacity for the thruster. The Non-Toxic LOX-LH2 RCS Workhorse Thruster was tested at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center's Test Stand 500. Hot-fire tests were conducted between March 08, 2002 and April 05, 2002. All testing during the program base period were performed at sea-level conditions. During the test program, 7 configurations were tested, including 2 combustion chambers, 3 LOX injector pintle tips, and 4 LH2 injector stroke settings. The operating conditions that were surveyed varied thrust levels, mixture ratio and LH2 duct cooling flow. The copper heat sink chamber was used for 16 burns, each burn lasting from 0.4 to 10 seconds, totaling 51.4 seconds, followed by Haynes chamber testing ranging from 0.9 to 120 seconds, totaling 300.9 seconds. The total accumulated burn time for the test program is 352.3 seconds. C* efficiency was calculated and found to be within expectable limits for most operating conditions. The temperature on the Haynes combustion chamber remained below established material limits, with the exception of one localized hot spot. The test results demonstrate that both the coaxial liquid-on-liquid pintle injector design and fuel duct concepts are viable for the intended application. The thruster head-e design maintained cryogenic injection temperatures while firing, which validates the concept for minimal heat soak back. By injecting fuel into the duct, the throat temperatures were manageable, yet the split of fuel through the cooling duct does not compromise the overall combustion efficiency, which indicates that, provided proper design refinement, such a concept can be applied to a high-performance version of the thruster. These hot fire tests demonstrate the robustness of the duct design concept and good capability to withstand off-nominal operating conditions without adversely impacting the thermal response of the engine, a key design feature for a cryogenic thruster.

Calvignac, Jacky↗
DOE OSTI2022

Well-Controlled Hydro-thermo-chemical Stimulation of a Coso Geothermal Well to Enhance Productivity

The goal of this project was to demonstrate controlled fracturing and permeability increase to enhance resource production and power generation at Coso. It was planned to stimulate at least two intervals in the Well 73-18RD with zonal isolation using advanced high-temperature packer technology. The anticipation was that a hydraulic fracture would form in one zone and in the second zone natural fractures would reopen, shear and extend, thereby increasing fluid communication in the field. In both cases, the intent was to carefully design the stimulation to take advantage of the relative roles of hydraulic pressure, thermal stress and chemical (“hydro-thermo-chemical”) dissolution. The project had planned to use the Welltec Annular Barrier (WAB) system developed as part of another DOE-funded project which was on schedule to be ready for field deployment. If successful, the Coso Operating Company would incorporate this approach into their ongoing well maintenance in other wells increasing the total MWs produced. The project had multiple tasks and the objective of Task 1 was to develop a workover plan, to build a geologic model, to design a stimulation program, and to work with the operating and services companies to develop a detailed budget and obtain the necessary permits and sundry notices. In Phase 2 the workover plan would be implemented, the designed stimulation would be carried out, and subsequently the well would logged and tested to measure the impact of stimulation. Per sponsor request, a Pre-Task 1 activity with a Go/No Go decision point was scheduled in Task 1.

02 PETROLEUM↗
NASA NTRS1981

NASA Redox system development project status

NASA-Redox energy storage systems developed for solar power applications and utility load leveling applications are discussed. The major objective of the project is to establish the technology readiness of Redox energy storage for transfer to industry for product development and commercialization by industry. The approach is to competitively contract to design, build, and test Redox systems progressively from preprototype to prototype multi-kW and megawatt systems and conduct supporting technology advancement tasks. The Redox electrode and membrane are fully adequate for multi-kW solar related applications and the viability of the Redox system technology as demonstrated for multi-kW solar related applications. The status of the NASA Redox Storage System Project is described along with the goals and objectives of the project elements.

Nice, A. W.↗
NASA NTRS2020

Establishing Launch Readiness of NASA ISS Payload OCO-3

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory – 3 (OCO-3) is a NASA Earth-monitoring payload, designed and built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to perform space-based observation of variations of global carbon dioxide (CO2) by sampling its emission sources and gradients from the unique vantage point of the International Space Station (ISS). This paper describes the development and results of the end-to-end verification, validation and calibration activities that were performed to meet OCO-3's science measurement, functional and performance requirements prior to launch. The pre-launch activities encompassed a suite of tests and analyses that were performed after payload integration and during launch vehicle integration that helped the OCO-3 project demonstrate its launch and mission readiness in terms of ISS compatibility, ground-based instrument calibrations, flight dynamics and environmental integrity and pointing knowledge and accuracy.

Srivastava, Priyanka↗
NASA NTRS2018

Compact Mid-Wave Imaging System (CMIS) for Retrieval of Cloud Motion Vectors and Cloud Geometric Heights

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) is developing a compact, light-weight, and low power midwave-infrared (MWIR) imager called the Compact Midwave Imaging Sensor (CMIS), under the support of the NASA Earth Science Technology Office Instrument Incubator Program. The goal of this CMIS instrument development and demonstration project is to increase the technical readiness of CMIS, a multi-spectral sensor capable of retrieving 3D winds and cloud heights 24/7, for a space mission. The CMIS instrument employs an advanced MWIR detector that requires less cooling than traditional technologies and thus permits a compact, low-power design, which enables accommodation on small spacecraft such as CubeSats. CMIS provides the critical midwave component of a multi-spectral sensor suite that includes a high-resolution Day-Night Band and a longwave infrared (LWIR) imager to provide global cloud characterization and theater weather imagery. In this presentation, an overview of the CMIS project, including the high-level sensor design, the concept of operations, and measurement capability will be presented. System performance for a variety of different scenes generated by a cloud resolving model (CRM) will also be discussed.

midwave↗
NASA NTRS2008

Using Sensor Web Processes and Protocols to Assimilate Satellite Data into a Forecast Model

The goal of the Sensor Management Applied Research Technologies (SMART) On-Demand Modeling project is to develop and demonstrate the readiness of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) capabilities to integrate both space-based Earth observations and forecast model output into new data acquisition and assimilation strategies. The project is developing sensor web-enabled processing plans to assimilate Atmospheric Infrared Sounding (AIRS) satellite temperature and moisture retrievals into a regional Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model over the southeastern United States.

Goodman, H. Michael↗
DOE OSTI2023

Electrochemical Reduction of Flue Gas Carbon Dioxide to Commercially Viable C2-C4 Products (Final Report)

This is the final scientific/technical report for a DOE project focused on the electrochemical conversion of CO 2 in non-aqueous solvents to novel products. Electrochemical reduction of CO 2 provides an attractive route to produce valuable fuels and chemicals that can simultaneously lower greenhouse gas emissions when powered by renewable electricity. While recent technological advances have shown the feasibility of industrial CO 2 electroreduction, many challenges remain to improve this technology and expand the list of economically viable products. The vast majority of electrochemical CO 2 reduction research has been conducted in aqueous media under neutral to alkaline conditions, leading to commonly reported products including carbon monoxide, formic acid, methane, methanol, ethylene, acetic acid, and ethanol. In comparison, non-aqueous media for CO 2 reduction has been underexplored but represents a possible avenue to yield new products and improved operating conditions. The aim of the project was to convert waste CO 2 in the form of flue gas to a multicarbon C2 - C4 chemical product in a reactor designed to achieve economically competitive values of current density and selectivity. The project strived to advance the technology readiness of an electrochemical CO 2 reduction process in alcohol solvents from the proof-of-concept stage to a device capable of meeting performance metrics for commercial viability. In the initial plan, the University of Louisville researchers were to focus on investigating the electrochemical process and improving the faradaic efficiency for novel C2 – C4 species, while also working on a parallel effort to build a practical electrolysis reactor to markedly increase the CO 2 reduction current density. The reactor development effort also aimed to engineer a dual-electrolyte feed strategy with non-aqueous catholyte and aqueous anolyte to promote water oxidation as the coupling anodic half-reaction to enable a sustainable and economical overall process. At the outset, the University of North Dakota was to investigate the feasibility of operating directly from coal-derived flue gas without separate capture and purification. The research team sought to determine impurity effects and test mitigation strategies, as well as engineer the gaseous feed system for high reactor tolerance to lower CO 2 concentration. In the last half year of the project, the focus was planned to shift to integrating the advances in the catalysis, electrochemical conditions, reactor design, and flue gas compatibility into a fully functional device and improve it for maximum current density and faradaic efficiency for C2 – C4 species. Knowledge of the full system components, constraints, and maximum performance was then to be used as the basis for a thorough technoeconomic analysis (TEA) and life cycle analysis (LCA) at the end of the project.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
NASA NTRS1993

Project Hyreus: Mars sample return mission utilizing in situ propellant production

Project Hyreus is an unmanned Mars sample return mission that utilizes propellants manufactured in situ from the Martian atmosphere for the return voyage. A key goal of the mission is to demonstrate the considerable benefits of using indigenous resources and to test the viability of this approach as a precursor to manned Mars missions. The techniques, materials, and equipment used in Project Hyreus represent those that are currently available or that could be developed and readied in time for the proposed launch date in 2003. Project Hyreus includes such features as a Mars-orbiting satellite equipped with ground-penetrating radar, a large rover capable of sample gathering and detailed surface investigations, and a planetary science array to perform on-site research before samples are returned to Earth. Project Hyreus calls for the Mars Landing Vehicle to land in the Mangala Valles region of Mars, where it will remain for approximately 1.5 years. Methane and oxygen propellant for the Earth return voyage will be produced using carbon dioxide from the Martian atmosphere and a small supply of hydrogen brought from Earth. This process is key to returning a large Martian sample to Earth with a single Earth launch.

Abrego, Anita↗
NASA NTRS1993

Project Hyreus: Mars Sample Return Mission Utilizing in Situ Propellant Production

Project Hyreus is an unmanned Mars sample return mission that utilizes propellants manufactured in situ from the Martian atmosphere for the return voyage. A key goal of the mission is to demonstrate the considerable benefits of using indigenous resources and to test the viability of this approach as a precursor to manned Mars missions. The techniques, materials, and equipment used in Project Hyreus represent those that are currently available or that could be developed and readied in time for the proposed launch date in 2003. Project Hyreus includes such features as a Mars-orbiting satellite equipped with ground-penetrating radar, a large rover capable of sample gathering and detailed surface investigations, and a planetary science array to perform on-site research before samples are returned to Earth. Project Hyreus calls for the Mars Landing Vehicle to land in the Mangala Valles region of Mars, where it will remain for approximately 1.5 years. Methane and oxygen propellant for the Earth return voyage will be produced using carbon dioxide from the Martian atmosphere and a small supply of hydrogen brought from Earth. This process is key to returning a large Martian sample to Earth with a single Earth launch.

Bruckner, A. P.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Acoustophoretic Additive Manufacturing for Scalable 3D Battery Electrodes

This project focused on investigating two acoustic-based processing methods: a nozzle-based printhead and a chamber that map to two different battery electrode architectures: (1) a line-pattern electrode and (2) a grid-pattern electrode. These two parallel manufacturing and electrode geometry explorations were proposed for the project to understand the process space of acoustic-based manufacturing methods to fabricate patterned battery electrodes. This two-path exploration also allowed us to de-risk the overall project and not rely on a single process for creating patterned electrodes. This project consisted of six high-level tasks aimed at transitioning the concept of acoustic focusing for battery electrodes from a technology readiness level (TRL) of 1 to 3 by project conclusion. Overall, we believe we have developed a practical and high-impact processing method that is chemistry agnostic and suitable for large-area fabrication of both 3D LIBs and other functional material systems where structuring on the scale of tens of microns has the potential to break conventional bulk material trade-offs in performance. In the case of batteries for electric vehicles, structuring 3D LIBs with our acoustic process breaks traditional energy and power trade-offs observed with conventional flat battery packs.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Retrospective on Recent DOE-Funded Studies Concerning the Extraction of Rare Earth Elements & Lithium from Geothermal Brines (Final Report)

Rare earth elements (REE) and lithium are non-toxic metals that are considered critical materials due to their use in electronics, magnets, batteries, and a wide variety of industrial processes important for the economy and military preparedness. Demand for REE and lithium is increasing and these critical materials are imported, so identifying and exploiting domestic sources of REE and lithium is a national priority. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO) has been in the forefront of sponsoring research investigating the potential recovery of REE, lithium, and other critical minerals from geothermal brines. It has been proposed that the future of geothermal energy should include “hybrid systems” that combine electricity generation with other revenue-generating activities, such as recovery of valuable and critical minerals, including REE and lithium. Two recent GTO funding opportunities have focused on the recovery of REE and other valuable minerals from geothermal brines. The research supported by the GTO’s mineral recovery program is focused on three areas: resource characterization, technology for the extraction of REE, and technology for the extraction of lithium (Tables 1 and 2). This report is a retrospective study examining the outcome of GTO’s two recent mineral recovery programs (DE-FOA-0001016 in FY 2014 and DE-FOA-0001376 in FY 2016). In this report, the knowledge, technology, and techniques that were developed by researchers funded by GTO are summarized and discussed. Four projects were funded to assess the concentrations and amounts of REE found in geothermal brines and oil field produced waters. The GTO-funded studies compiled publically available data on REE concentrations from brines and produced water from all over the USA. In addition, new samples were collected and characterized from major geothermal and hydrocarbon basins in the Western USA. The studies examined the relationship between lithology and REE concentrations and developed models examining the influence of geology on REE concentrations in produced brines. It was determined that REE are frequently found at higher concentrations in oil field produced water than geothermal brines, but that some geothermal areas had significant REE resources. Significant reservoirs of REE were identified in the Western USA. In some cases, concentrations of REE were more than 1000 times the concentrations found in seawater. Collectively, these studies represent a comprehensive picture of REE resources associated with geothermal and hydrocarbon systems in the USA. The studies did not examine lithium resources, but in some cases, lithium concentration data was collected. Data from these studies are housed in the Geothermal Data Repository (GDR) and represent a significant information resource and it is recommended that these data be further analyzed in a future study. Eight projects were funded to develop new technology for REE extraction from geothermal fluids. These projects investigated sorption as an approach for removal and recovery of REE from geothermal brines. The projects investigated cutting-edge technology for selective sorption of ions from complex solutions, including the application of metal-organic frameworks and biosorbent proteins. The REE sorption studies tested different combinations of metal-binding ligands and solid supports. The most promising metal-binding ligands for REE included phosphonic acid, thiol, and carboxylic acid functional groups. Ligands were attached or incorporated into a wide variety of solid supports. In most cases, attachment was via covalent bonding to organic resins, polymers, or silica-based supports. Most of the REE projects were conducted at a low technology readiness level (TRL) and showed promise, but direct comparison between technologies was not possible based on the available information. It is recommended that testing and reporting be standardized to the extent possible to facilitate comparisons between technologies. Two projects were directed at novel lithium extraction technology. Both projects investigated the use of inorganic sorbents, including manganese oxides. One study also examined the use of metal- ion imprinted polymers as selective ion-exchange resins for the separation of lithium and manganese from brines. Both approaches showed promise for the selective extraction of lithium from brines, including potentially geothermal brines. Results from these GTO studies indicated that selective REE and lithium extraction is possible, but interference from co-occurring solutes, such as calcium, magnesium, or heavy metals, will interfere with process efficiency and negatively impact process economics. Techno-economic analysis conducted as part of the resource and technology studies suggest extraction of REE from geothermal brines is unlikely to be economically viable, especially since non-geothermal produced waters frequently have higher REE concentrations. It is recommended that benchmarks for techno-economic analysis be established to the extent possible for future studies, to facilitate direct comparison of various technologies. Based on the collective results of this program, it appears that hybrid geothermal power would benefit more from recovery of lithium and other metals, rather than REE. It is recommended that future studies be conducted at a higher- TRL and that sorbents be tested against actual geothermal fluid samples. Prior higher-TRL efforts to extract metals from geothermal brines should be further evaluated for lessons learned.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Green-House-Gas-Reduced Coal-and-Biomass-to-Liquid-Based Jet Fuel (GHGR-CBTL) Process - Final Technical report

This Final Technical Report describes the work and accomplishments of the project entitled, “Green-House-Gas-Reduced Coal-and-Biomass-to-Liquid-Based Jet Fuel (GHGR-CBTL) Process”. The main objective of the project was to raise the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of the GHGR-CBTL fuel-production technology from TRL 4 to TRL 5 by producing a drop-in synthetic Jet Propellant 8 (JP-8) with a greenhouse-gas footprint less than or equal to petroleum-based JP-8 by utilizing mixtures of coal and biomass as the feedstock. The system utilizes the patented Altex fuel-production technology, which incorporates advanced catalysts developed by Pennsylvania State University. While the system was not fabricated and tested, major efforts were expended to design the 1-TPD and a full-scale plant. The system was designed, a Block-Flow Diagram (BFD), a Process-Flow Diagram (PFD), and Piping-and-Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) were produced, a Bill of Materials (BOM) and associated spec sheets were produced, commercially available components were selected and procured, custom components were designed and fabricated, catalysts were developed and screened for performance, and permitting activities were conducted. Optimization tests for JP-8 production using C2 olefin as the feed were performed over a range of temperatures, pressures and WHSVs. Liquid yields of between 63 to 65% with 65% JP-8 fraction (41-42% JP-8 yield) at 50 psig were achieved. Life-Cycle Analysis (LCA) was performed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), and a GHGR-CBTL module was added to the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET®) model. Based upon the experimental results, the plant design was reconfigured for zero natural-gas imports and minimal electricity imports. The LCA analysis of the reconfigured process utilizing the GREET model showed that if the char from the process was utilized to produce combined heat and power (CHP) then a feed containing 23 wt% biomass and 77 wt% lignite would be needed for parity with petroleum-based JP-8. If the char is not utilized for CHP, but sequestered in a land fill, 24 wt% biomass and 76 wt% lignite would be required. A TEA was performed on this configuration following DOE guidelines and using the ANL-developed GREET module that showed that the GHGR-CBTL TOC and ECO are 69% and 58% of those for the DOE FT-Liquids Baseline Case, respectively. This analysis shows that the economics of the GHGR-CBTL process are significantly better than a gasification/FT process. No technical barriers were identified. The lower costs and the detailed design that was performed under this project are being used by Altex to attract funding partners to move the GHGR-CBTL development forward.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2024

Centipod WEC Design for PacWave (Final Technical Report)

This project developed a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) system design that was ready for fabrication, deployment, and prototype testing at PacWave. The WEC design incorporated the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Technical Specifications (TS) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards to ensure that designs are fully ready to utilize for future fabrication and open-water testing. Moreover, the project began the certification process with a certification provider, allowing for a seamless continuation into future work beyond project-end.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2026

LAMP Technical Readiness Evaluation Report: LAMP-ENG-RPT-003 (Revision 2)

An internal preliminary evaluation of Critical Technology Elements (CTEs) for the LANSCE Modernization Project (LAMP) was completed in 2023. This included determining corresponding Technical Readiness Levels (TRLs) for all subsystems using the criteria of DOE G 413.3-4A, Technical Readiness Assessment Guide. This revised report includes a summary of the recent design modifications required to meet the project Key Performance Requirements (KPPs), some of which may reduce technical risks to the project. These recent design modifications are based on the LAMP Conceptual Design which is the design evaluated in this document and include: • Further optimization of the low-energy and medium-energy beam transport regions (LEBT and MEBT, respectively), including relocation of various functional elements (i.e. choppers, kickers, and bunchers). • An additional 100-keV H - ion source to separate ion-source function based on beam delivery requirements. • A high-repetition-rate pulsed kicker magnet to select/merge the two H - ion beams into a common low-energy beam transport. • Modification and further optimization to a more conventional 3-MeV Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) design. Performance of the RFQ has been optimized to deliver the required three types of beams while meeting the project Key Performance Parameters (KPPs). • The addition of a second chopper in the medium-energy beam transport (MEBT) line to reduce the required pulser voltages.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Final Technical Report for EE0006091: H2Pump Hydrogen Recycling System Demonstration

The objective of this project is to demonstrate the product readiness and to quantify the benefits and customer value proposition of H2Pump’s Hydrogen Recycling System (HRS-100™) by installing and analyzing the operation of multiple prototype 100-kg per day systems in real world customer locations. The data gathered will be used to measure reliability, demonstrate the value proposition to customers, and validate our business model. H2Pump will install, track and report multiple field demonstration systems in industrial heat treating and semi-conductor applications. The customer demonstrations will be used to develop case studies and showcase the benefits of the technology to drive market adoption.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2018

Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Based Power Electronics for Energy Efficiency

Recent advances in wide band-gap (WBG) semiconductor materials, such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) are enabling a new generation of power semiconductor devices that far exceed the performance of silicon-based devices. Past ARPA-E programs (ADEPT, Solar ADEPT, and SWITCHES) have enabled innovations throughout the power electronics value chain, especially in the area of WBG semiconductors. The two recently launched programs by ARPA-E (CIRCUITS and PNDIODES) continue to investigate the use of WBG semiconductors in power electronics. From materials and devices to modules and circuits to application-ready systems integration, ARPA-E projects have demonstrated the potential of WBG semiconductors to lower the cost of high-efficiency power electronics to enable broad adoption in energy applications.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2021

BRAVE_EBC-TMT.1.0

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) represents a low-cost and non-invasive means of examining respiratory health. EBC has been used to discover and validate exhaled volatile and non-volatile biomarkers of disease related to the respiratory system distress such as asthma, COPD, lung cancer, and secondary infections. One newly emerging utilization of EBC, is proteomics analysis, which can provide an unbiased snapshot into ongoing biological processes in the airway. Fully characterizing the biological landscape of EBC collections is challenging though, due to sample variability, and low detection sensitivity. EBC is primarily composed of condensed water, causing technical challenges with detecting key macromolecules from the dilute sample matrix; therefore, high sensitivity techniques are required to unlock the full capability of EBC as a method for non-invasive biomarker detection. To overcome some of these technical challenges for proteomic analyses, we applied our recently developed microscale proteomic techniques and developed a novel TMT based approach which enabled reliable, relative quantification with significantly improved detection of low abundance peptides/proteins across multiple healthy volunteer EBC samples. Our EBC collection design includes longitudinal EBC collections from five individual healthy volunteers on three separate days of the week with triplicate, back-to-back donations each day. Here, we report a total of 235 quantifiable proteins corresponding to 1,877 non-redundant peptides for evaluating sample collection reproducibility and establishing a healthy (human host) baseline EBC biomarker proteome studies. This work will pave the way for further investigations of EBC protein expression profiles and showcase the value of using non-invasive collection method techniques for clinically relevant biomarker discovery. This research was supported by the LDRD Biomedical Resilience And Readiness in AdVerse Operating Environments (BRAVE) Project (73748), and was conducted at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, WA. PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗