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At least 181 records · Page 10

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS1983

Research in space commercialization, technology transfer and communications, vol. 2

Spectrum management, models for evaluating communications systems, and implications of communications regulations for NASA are considered as major parts of communications policy. Marketing LANDSAT products in developing countries, a political systems analysis of LANDSAT, and private financing and operation of the space operations center (space station) are discussed. Investment requirements, risks, government support, and other primary business and management considerations are examined.

Dunn, D. A.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Use of cooling air heat exchangers as replacements for hot section strategic materials

Because of financial and political constraints, strategic aerospace materials required for the hot section of future engines might be in short supply. As an alternative to these strategic materials, this study examines the use of a cooling air heat exchanger in combination with less advanced hot section materials. Cycle calculations are presented for future turbofan systems with overall pressure ratios to 65, bypass ratios near 13, and combustor exit temperatures to 3260 R. These calculations quantify the effect on TSFC of using a decreased materials technology in a turbofan system. The calculations show that the cooling air heat exchanger enables the feasibility of these engines.

Gauntner, J. W.↗

NASA NTRS1983

An overview of the potential threat as related to missile requirements

Based on unclassified sources, a general review is presented of the perceived U.S.S.R. doctrine, force balances, production ratios, inventory growth, inventory items, and current actions. The extent to which the Soviets appear to be attempting to increase their sphere of influence through economic and political control as well as possible military control of land, sea, air, and space is considered. To offset such possibilities, certain areas of deterrent needs that the Western world might pursue are suggested. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of missiles as part of the deterrent needs.

Spearman, M. L.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Space stations - A historical perspective

This paper discusses the historical evolution of the space station concept, with particular attention to NASA plans in the 1960-1980 period. Emphasis is given to the changing justification presented for station development during that period and to the political context within which station proposals were evaluated.

Logsdon, J. M.↗

NASA NTRS1983

An overview of aerodynamic research and technology requirements as related to some military needs

Based on unclassified sources, a general review is presented of some military needs in light of the perceived U.S.S.R. doctrine, force balances, inventory growth, inventory items, and current actions. The Soviets appear to be attempting to increase their sphere of influence throught economic and political control as well as possible military control of land, sea, air, and space. To offset such possibilities, certain areas of deterrent needs that the Western World might pursue are suggested. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of research and technology related to aerospace systems as part of the deterrent needs.

Spearman, M. L.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Astronautics and aeronautics, 1976. A chronology

A chronology of events concerning astronautics and aeronautics for the year 1976 is presented. Some of the many and varied topics include the aerospace industry, planetary exploration, space transportation system, defense department programs, politics, and aerospace medicine. The entries are organized by the month and presented in a news release format.

Ritchie, E. H.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Study of effects of fuel properties in turbine-powered business aircraft

Increased interest in research and technology concerning aviation turbine fuels and their properties was prompted by recent changes in the supply and demand situation of these fuels. The most obvious change is the rapid increase in fuel price. For commercial airplanes, fuel costs now approach 50 percent of the direct operating costs. In addition, there were occasional local supply disruptions and gradual shifts in delivered values of certain fuel properties. Dwindling petroleum reserves and the politically sensitive nature of the major world suppliers make the continuation of these trends likely. A summary of the principal findings, and conclusions are presented. Much of the material, especially the tables and graphs, is considered in greater detail later. The economic analysis and examination of operational considerations are described. Because some of the assumptions on which the economic analysis is founded are not easily verified, the sensitivity of the analysis to alternates for these assumptions is examined. The data base on which the analyses are founded is defined in a set of appendices.

Powell, F. D.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Scientific and technical training in the Soviet Union

The Soviet Union recognizes that the foundation of their system depends upon complete dedication of the people to the state through thorough psychological training as well as through military training, and through specialized education in the broad fields of engineering, natural sciences, life sciences, social sciences, and education. An outline of the U.S.S.R. educational system indicates the extent of academic training, coupled with on-the-job and military training, that can produce a highly skilled, dedicated, and matured person. Observations on the coupling of political, economic, and psychological training along with the technical training are made, along with some mention of positive and negative aspects of the training.

Spearman, M. L.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Some aerodynamic discoveries and related NACA/NASA research programs following World War 2

The World War 2 time period ushered in a new era in aeronautical research and development. The air conflict during the war highlighted the need of aircraft with agility, high speed, long range, large payload capability, and in addition, introduced a new concept in air warfare through the use of guided missiles. Following the war, the influx of foreign technology, primarily German, led to rapid advances in jet propulsion and speed, and a host of new problem areas associated with high-speed flight designs were revealed. The resolution of these problems led to a rash of new design concepts and many of the lessons learned, in principle, are still effective today. In addition to the technical lessons learned related to aircraft development programs, it might also be noted that some lessons involving the political and philosophical nature of aircraft development programs are worth attention.

Spearman, M. L.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Use of cooling air heat exchangers as replacements for hot section strategic materials

Gauntner, J. W.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Economic viability of photovoltaic power for development assistance applications

This paper briefly discusses the development assistance market and examines a number of specific photovoltaic (PV) development assistance field tests, including water pumping/grain grinding (Tangaye, Upper Volta), vaccine refrigerators slated for deployment in 24 countries, rural medical centers to be installed in Ecuador, Guyana, Kenya and Zimbabwe, and remote earth stations to be deployed in the near future. A comparison of levelized energy cost for diesel generators and PV systems covering a range of annual energy consumptions is also included. The analysis does not consider potential societal, environmental or political benefits associated with PV power. PV systems are shown to be competitive with diesel generators, based on life cycle cost considerations, assuming a system price of $20/W(peak), for applications having an annual energy demand of up to 6000 kilowatt-hours per year.

Bifano, W. J.↗

NASA NTRS1984

An integrated GIS/remote sensing data base in North Cache soil conservation district, Utah: A pilot project for the Utah Department of Agriculture's RIMS (Resource Inventory and Monitoring System)

A basic geographic information system (GIS) for the North Cache Soil Conservation District (SCD) was sought for selected resource problems. Since the resource management issues in the North Cache SCD are very complex, it is not feasible in the initial phase to generate all the physical, socioeconomic, and political baseline data needed for resolving all management issues. A selection of critical varables becomes essential. Thus, there are foud specific objectives: (1) assess resource management needs and determine which resource factors ae most fundamental for building a beginning data base; (2) evaluate the variety of data gathering and analysis techniques for the resource factors selected; (3) incorporate the resulting data into a useful and efficient digital data base; and (4) demonstrate the application of the data base to selected real world resoource management issues.

Wheeler, D. J.↗

NASA NTRS1985

The international environment UNISPACE '82 and the ITU: A relationship between orbit-spectrum resource allocation and orbital debris

The 1985 Space WARC will examine and potentially modify the current geostationary orbit spectrum resource allocation methodology. Discussions in this international political environment could likely associate the geostationary orbital debris issue with the politicized issue of orbit spectrum allocation.

Olmstead, D.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Model research: The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, 1915-1958, volume 1

The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the predecessor of NASA, was the premier aeronautical research organization in the United States. It conducted scientific study of the problems of flight with a view to their practical solution. This institutional history traces the birth and evolution of the NACA and analyzes such recurrent themes as the roles of science and engineering, the influence of politics on technology, the way in which the institution shapes technology and technology shapes the institution, the contributions of key individuals, the nature of the research process, and the relation between military and civilian aviation.

Roland, A.↗

NASA NTRS1984

The Context for Food Service and Nutrition in the Space Station

Space is part of humanity's continuing evolution and an integral part of man's capabilities to fashion a better future for this and succeeding generations. There is no turning back; space is the arena where U.S. industry has the opportunity to achieve a competitive edge and restore the vitality of industrial innovation. As in any emerging field with bright promise, skeptics can point to major obstacles to space operations, including the high cost of space transportation and space activities, the risks of new ventures and the timing of entry into the space market. Commercial activities in space represent diverse markets where international competitors will be motivated by economic, technical and political considerations. Although the technical details, costs and benefits of these activities can only be conceived in broad outline, it is time to take a constructive view of the attainable economic returns from space endeavors. President Reagan directed NASA to develop a permanently manned Space Station within a decade to demonstrate U.S. leadership in space and to stimulate commercial exploitation of space.(1) " A Space Station," declared Dr. James M. Beggs, NASA Administrator, "provides a logical stepping stone to the exploration and exploitation of space."(2)

Peter E. Glaser↗

NASA NTRS1985

Accomplishments of Science by the Year 2000

Current and projected accomplishments in science and technology are examined from a social and political perspective. It is observed that the present level of research and development in the United States is inadequate for many possible advancements to occur.

Bergman, J.↗

NASA NTRS1985

A spacefaring people: Perspectives on early spaceflight

The early years of space flight are discussed. An historical perspective is offered. Satellites and politics, management of large scale technology, the state of the literature of space, the domestic and international ramifications of space activity, and rationales for space exploration are discussed.

Roland, A.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Space-age Europe, 1957-1980

European space related research and development from the launch of Sputnik in 1957 to 1980 in discussed. The political response to Sputnik is analyzed in the context of cold war. The development of the European Space Agency is traced.

Mcdougall, W. A.↗