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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li(FeO2)2 by Materials Project

Li(FeO2)2 is Spinel-like structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Li sites. In the first Li site, Li is bonded to six O atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.17 Å. In the second Li site, Li is bonded to four O atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–63°. There is one shorter (1.98 Å) and three longer (1.99 Å) Li–O bond length. In the third Li site, Li is bonded to four O atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–63°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.00 Å. In the fourth Li site, Li is bonded to six O atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.19 Å. In the fifth Li site, Li is bonded to six O atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.16 Å. In the sixth Li site, Li is bonded to four O atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–62°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.01 Å. In the seventh Li site, Li is bonded to four O atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–64°. There is two shorter (1.96 Å) and two longer (1.97 Å) Li–O bond length. In the eighth Li site, Li is bonded to six O atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.18 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded to four O atoms to form FeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–61°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–1.97 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.10 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.09 Å. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.08 Å. In the fifth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.09 Å. In the sixth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.11 Å. In the seventh Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.08 Å. In the eighth Fe site, Fe is bonded to four O atoms to form FeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–63°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–1.95 Å. In the ninth Fe site, Fe is bonded to four O atoms to form FeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–63°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–1.97 Å. In the tenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.06 Å. In the eleventh Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.10 Å. In the twelfth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.11 Å. In the thirteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.08 Å. In the fourteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.12 Å. In the fifteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.07 Å. In the sixteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to four O atoms to form FeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–62°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–1.97 Å. There are thirty-two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li and two Fe atoms. In the second O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li and two Fe atoms. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li and three Fe atoms. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li and two Fe atoms. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li and three Fe atoms. In the sixth O site, O is bonded to four Fe atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OFe4 trigonal pyramids. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li and three Fe atoms. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li and three Fe atoms. In the ninth O site, O is bonded to one Li and three Fe atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OLiFe3 trigonal pyramids. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li and three Fe atoms. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal pyramidal geometry to four Fe atoms. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li and three Fe atoms. In the thirteenth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li and two Fe atoms. In the fourteenth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li and three Fe atoms. In the fifteenth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li and two Fe atoms. In the sixteenth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li and two Fe atoms. In the seventeenth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li and two Fe atoms. In the eighteenth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li and two Fe atoms. In the nineteenth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li and three Fe atoms. In the twentieth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li and two Fe atoms. In the twenty-first O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li and three Fe atoms. In the twenty-second O site, O is bonded to four Fe atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OFe4 trigonal pyramids. In the twenty-third O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li and three Fe atoms. In the twenty-fourth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li and three Fe atoms. In the twenty-fifth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li and three Fe atoms. In the twenty-sixth O site, O is bonded to one Li and three Fe atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OLiFe3 trigonal pyramids. In the twenty-seventh O site, O is bonded to four Fe atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OFe4 trigonal pyramids. In the twenty-eighth O site, O is bonded to one Li and three Fe atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLiFe3 trigonal pyramids. In the twenty-ninth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li and two Fe atoms. In the thirtieth O site, O is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li and three Fe atoms. In the thirty-first O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li and two Fe atoms. In the thirty-second O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li and two Fe atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Origin of Unusual Acidity and Li+ Diffusivity in a Series of Water-in-Salt Electrolytes.

Superconcentrated aqueous electrolytes ("water-in-salt" electrolytes, or WiSEs) enable various aqueous battery chemistries beyond the voltage limits imposed by the Pourbaix diagram of water. However, their detailed structural and transport properties remain unexplored and could be better understood through added studies. Here, we report on our observations of strong acidity (pH 2.4) induced by lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) at superconcentration (at 20 mol/kg). Multiple nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and pulsed-field gradient (PFG) diffusion NMR experiments, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal that such acidity originates from the formation of nanometric ion-rich structures. The experimental and simulation results indicate the separation of water-rich and ion-rich domains at salt concentrations >= 5 m and the acidity arising therefrom is due to deprotonation of water molecules in the ion-rich domains. As such, the ion-rich domain is composed of hydrophobic -CF3 (of TFSI-) and hydrophilic hydroxyl (OH-) groups. At 20 m concentration, the tortuosity and radius of water diffusion channels are estimated to be similar to 10 and similar to 1 nm, respectively, which are close to values obtained from hydrated Nafion membranes that also have hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) backbones and hydrophilic channels consisting of SO3- ion cluster networks providing for the transport of ions and water. Thus, we have discovered the structural similarity between WiSE and hydrated Nafion membranes on the nanometer scale.

Han, Kee Sung↗
DOE OSTI2022

Rigid-Rod Sulfonated Polyamide as an Aqueous-Processable Binder for Li-Ion Battery Electrodes

Polymer binders are important components of most battery electrodes, ensuring high performance and long-term durability. Increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries in the automotive, stationary power, and portable electronics industries calls for a greener binder to replace poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF). We evaluate the performance of aqueous solution-processed electrodes prepared with a rigid-rod polymer binder, poly(2,2'-disulfonyl-4,4'-benzidine terephthalamide) (PBDT). The polyamide backbone and double-helical configuration of PBDT give rise to its mechanical strength and rigidity, and its functional nature (H-bonding amides and sulfonates) can provide specific binding with electrode particles. LiFePO 4 electrodes prepared with 3 wt% PBDT show mechanical integrity and cycling stability, achieving over 1000 cycles at 4C rate with negligible capacity decay. These electrodes demonstrate comparable rate performance with their PVDF counterparts while eliminating fluorine from the electrode as well as the organic solvents needed for processing. Furthermore, this study reveals that PBDT holds great potential as a binder for advanced sustainable batteries.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗