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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2010

Electrojet-independent ionospheric extremely low frequency/very low frequency wave generation by powerful high frequency waves

Results of extremely low frequency/very low frequency (ELF/VLF) wave generation by intensity-modulated high frequency (HF) heaters of 3.2 MHz in Gakona, Alaska, near local solar noon during a geomagnetic quiet time, are presented to support an electrojet-independent ELF/VLF wave generation mechanism. The modulation was set by splitting the HF transmitter array into two subarrays; one was run at cw full power and the other run alternatively at 50% and 100% power modulation by rectangular waves of 2.02, 5, 8, and 13 kHz. The most effective generation was from the X-mode heater with 100% modulation. While the 8 kHz radiation has the largest wave amplitude, the spectral intensity of the radiation increases with the modulation frequency, i.e., 13 kHz line is the strongest. Ionograms recorded significant virtual height spread of the O-mode sounding echoes. The patterns of the spreads and the changes of the second and third hop virtual height traces caused by the O/X-mode heaters are distinctively different, evidencing that it is due to differently polarized density irregularities generated by the filamentation instability of the O/X-mode HF heaters.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Operation of the CAPRICE electron cyclotron resonance ion source applying frequency tuning and double frequency heating

The properties of the electromagnetic waves heating the electrons of the ECR ion sources (ECRIS) plasma affect the features of the extracted ion beams such as the emittance, the shape, and the current, in particular for higher charge states. The electron heating methods such as the frequency tuning effect and the double frequency heating are widely used for enhancing the performances of ECRIS or even for the routine operation during the beam production. In order to better investigate these effects the CAPRICE ECRIS has been operated using these techniques. The ion beam properties for highly charged ions have been measured with beam diagnostic tools. The reason of the observed variations of this performance can be related to the different electromagnetic field patterns, which are changing inside the plasma chamber when the frequency is varying.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Numerical analysis of radio-frequency sheath-plasma interactions in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies

A new finite element numerical scheme for analyzing self-consistent radio-frequency (RF) sheath-plasma interaction problems in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies is applied to various problems represented by simplified models for the tokamak scrape-off layer. The present code incorporates a modified boundary condition, which is called a sheath boundary condition, that couples the radio-frequency waves and sheaths at the material boundaries by treating the sheath as a thin vacuum layer. A series of numerical analyses in one- and two-dimensional domains show several important physical properties, such as the existence of multiple roots, hysteresis effects, presence and characteristics of the sheath-plasma waves, and the phase shift of a reflected slow wave, some of which are newly identified by introducing a spatially varying plasma density and background magnetic field.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy operation by imaging at the frequency shift minimum: The dip-df mode

In frequency modulated non-contact atomic force microscopy, the change of the cantilever frequency (Δf) is used as the input signal for the topography feedback loop. Around the Δf(z) minimum, however, stable feedback operation is challenging using a standard proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback design due to the change of sign in the slope. When operated under liquid conditions, it is furthermore difficult to address the attractive interaction regime due to its often moderate peakedness. Additionally, the Δf signal level changes severely with time in this environment due to drift of the cantilever frequency f{sub 0} and, thus, requires constant adjustment. Here, we present an approach overcoming these obstacles by using the derivative of Δf with respect to z as the input signal for the topography feedback loop. Rather than regulating the absolute value to a preset setpoint, the slope of the Δf with respect to z is regulated to zero. This new measurement mode not only makes the minimum of the Δf(z) curve directly accessible, but it also benefits from greatly increased operation stability due to its immunity against f{sub 0} drift. We present isosurfaces of the Δf minimum acquired on the calcite CaCO{sub 3}(101{sup ¯}4) surface in liquid environment, demonstrating the capability of our method to image in the attractive tip-sample interaction regime.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2016

Gyrotropic frequency control in ferromagnetic dots using a nanoscale vortex barrier

The vortex translational mode frequency is known to be only weakly dependent on the magnitude of an in-plane magnetic field (e.g. the vortex core position) for circular ferromagnetic dots. Here we demonstrated that the frequency-field dependence becomes discrete when a nanoscale vortex barrier is introduced in the dot structure. We found that the frequency is mostly defined by the outer diameter of the dot or the barrier size for the vortex core located outside or inside the barrier, correspondingly. The experimental results are in good agreement with the micromagnetic simulation.

Ding, Junjia↗
DOE OSTI2021

Electron Spin Relaxation Induced by a Cantilever when the Spin Frequency Matches the Cantilever Frequency

We study the electron spin relaxation induced by a high frequency nanomechanical cantilever with an attached ferromagnetic particle in a situation when the spin Larmor frequency matches the cantilever frequency. We consider a situation when the spin-cantilever system is described by the Jaynes-Cumming model. We have obtained an analytical solution describing the spin relaxation caused by the spin-cantilever interaction. Based on these results, we suggest a “spin thermometer” which could measure the temperature of nanomechanical cantilevers.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

High-frequency solitons in media with induced scattering from damped low-frequency waves with nonuniform dispersion and nonlinearity

The dynamics of high-frequency field solitons is considered using the extended nonhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation with induced scattering from damped low-frequency waves (pseudoinduced scattering). This scattering is a 3D analog of the stimulated Raman scattering from temporal spatially homogeneous damped low-frequency modes, which is well known in optics. Spatial inhomogeneities of secondorder linear dispersion and cubic nonlinearity are also taken into account. It is shown that the shift in the 3D spectrum of soliton wavenumbers toward the short-wavelength region is due to nonlinearity increasing in coordinate and to decreasing dispersion. Analytic results are confirmed by numerical calculations.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2012

Experimental study of frequency multipliers based on a GaAs/AlAs semiconductor superlattices in the terahertz frequency range

Frequency multipliers based on a GaAs/AlAs semiconductor quantum superlattice have been experimentally studied. The power spectrum of the harmonics in the output signal from a multiplier with an input-signal frequency of 140-160 GHz has been measured. Planar diodes with a small active region (an area of 1-2 {mu}m{sup 2}) have been used in this study. For fabrication of the diodes, structures of heavily doped superlattices with the miniband width 24 meV have been used, these structures were grown by the molecular-beam epitaxy method. Measurements have been conducted using a BOMEM DA3.36 Fourier spectrometer equipped with a detector based on a bolometer cooled to the temperature of liquid helium. The results of the measurements have been used to plot the dependences of the power of the harmonics on the frequency in the range from 0.4 to 8.1 THz. It has been found that the character of the microwave-power distribution over the number of harmonics is close to the spectrum of a sequence of sign-alternating pulses which appear in the diode circuit when the applied voltage of the input signal exceeds the threshold of the diode. The minimal time of establishment of the pulse front and pulse duration are equal to 123 and 667 fs, respectively.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1972

Experimental Hingeless Rotor Characteristics at Full Scale First Flap Mode Frequencies (including Rotor Frequency Response to Shaft Oscillations), Phase 3

The completion of the High Advance Ratio Research Program is reported. The primary objectives of the program were to experimentally determine the rotor frequency response to shaft pitching and rolling oscillations and to acquire steady response and frequency response data at high advance ratios for hingeless rotors with typical, full-scale, first flap mode natural frequencies. Secondary objectives of the program included the further evaluation of both the hub moment feedback control system and the simplified rigid blade flapping theory with respect to shaft oscillations. The bulk of the text is devoted to the presentation and examination of representative experimental results. All the analyzed test data are documented in tabular and/or graphical formats.

Kuczynski, W. A.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Carrier - Interference ratios for frequency sharing between satellite systems transmitting frequency modulated and digital television signals

As the data rates required for digitally encoded television are reduced, satellite systems employing the transmission of digitally encoded television will become attractive. It is likely that television transmitted in this format will be adjacent to or in the same frequency band as television transmissions in other modulation formats, so a knowledge of carrier to interference power ratios as a function of assessed picture quality will be required for frequency sharing between these different modulation formats. This paper presents the results of subjective and quantitative tests describing the results of interference to a particular digital television system from a frequency modulated (FM) television system, and for interference to an FM television system from a digital television system.

Barnes, S. P.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Plasma rest frame frequencies and polarizations of the low-frequency upstream waves - ISEE 1 and 2 observations

The plasma rest frame frequencies and polarizations of the large amplitude low frequency (0.03 Hz) upstream waves are investigated using magnetic field data from the dual ISEE 1 and 2 spacecraft. The monochromatic sinusoidal waves associated with intermediate ion fluxes are propagating in both the Alfven and magnetosonic modes, in both cases with typical frequencies approximately 0.1 times the local proton gyrofrequency and wavelengths of approximately 1 R(E). It is shown that the generation of the magnetosonic mode can be explained by the cyclotron resonance mechanism driven by narrow reflected ion beams, but the concurrent observation of Alfven mode waves appears to require wave generation by the more isotropic diffuse ion distributions as well.

Hoppe, M. M.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Radio frequency interference survey over the 1.0-10.4 GHz frequency range at the Goldstone-Venus Development Station

The results of a low sensitivity Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) survey carried out at the Venus Station of the Goldstone Communications Complex are reported. The data cover the spectral range from 1 GHz to 10.4 GHz with a 10-kHz instantaneous bandwidth. Frequency and power levels were observed using a sweep-frequency spectrum analyzer connected to a 1-m diameter antenna pointed at zenith. The survey was conducted from February 16, 1987 through February 24, 1987.

Gulkis, S.↗
DOE OSTI2017

On seasonal and semi-annual approach for flood frequency analysis

As a supplementary method to the conventional flood frequency analysis based on annual peak flows, we propose an approach in this paper to infer the flood frequency distribution on quarterly and semi-annual time scale, which are then converted to annual time scale to obtain the floods corresponding to return periods in unit of year. Two criteria for test of data independence, namely, minimum 7 and 15-day interval between two consecutive peak flows, are tested. The proposed approach was applied to Des Moines River at Fort Dodge, Iowa, USA using its 62 years of observation daily flows. The results show that the estimated floods for given return periods from quarter-annual data series are in general higher than the corresponding estimated floods from semi-annual data series, which is further larger than estimated floods from annual peak flows. In conclusion, the floods estimated from semi-annual data series agree well with the results of previous US Geological Survey study.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Frequency Domain Reflectometry NDE for Aging Cables in Nuclear Power Plants

Cable insulation polymers are among the more susceptible materials to age-related degradation within a nuclear power plant. This is recognized by both regulators and utilities, so all plants have developed cable aging management programs to detect damage before critical component failure in compliance with regulatory guidelines. Although a wide range of tools are available to evaluate cables and cable systems, cable aging management programs vary in how condition monitoring and nondestructive examinations are conducted as utilities search for the most reliable and cost-effective ways to assess cable system condition. Frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) is emerging as one valuable tool to locate and assess damaged portions of a cable system with minimal cost and only requires access in most cases to one of the cable terminal ends. Since laboratory studies to evaluate the use of FDR for inspection of aged cables can be expensive and data interpretation may be confounded by multiple factors which influence results, a model-based approach is desired to parametrically investigate the effect of insulation material damage in a controlled manner. This work describes development of a physics-based FDR model which uses finite element simulations of cable segments in conjunction with cascaded circuit element simulations to efficiently study a cable system. One or more segments of the cable system model have altered physical or electrical properties which represent the degree of damage and the location of the damage in the system. This circuit model is then subjected to a simulated FDR examination. The modeling approach is verified using several experimental cases and by comparing it to a commercial simulator suitable for simulation of some cable configurations. The model is used to examine a broad range of parameters including defect length, defect profile, degree of degradation, number and location of defects, FDR bandwidth, and addition of impedance-matched extensions to minimize the end-shadow effect.

Cable Inspection, Frequency Domain Reflectometry↗
DOE OSTI2023

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Grid-Supportive Loads for Fast Frequency Response

Flexibility in inverter-based loads could be used to support the converter-dominated power grid by offering a rapid, autonomous, and adjustable power reserve during system transients to help maintain system stability. Based on technical potential, ancillary service (AS) value, and implementation costs, this study illustrates the cost-benefit analysis of grid-supportive loads (GSLs) for the supply of fast frequency response (FFR). The net benefit for each GSL is demonstrated using a case study and relevant data sources. The findings suggest that implementation costs for enabling GSL features are low compared to the value that grid operators get from the acquisition of responsive reserve services. The authors believe that, given the rising popularity of renewable energy sources, GSLs can be a useful tool for grid stability in low-inertia systems.

cost-benefit analysis↗