Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Control of the magnetic in-plane anisotropy in off-stoichiometric NiMnSb

NiMnSb is a ferromagnetic half-metal which, because of its rich anisotropy and very low Gilbert damping, is a promising candidate for applications in information technologies. We have investigated the in-plane anisotropy properties of thin, molecular beam epitaxy-grown NiMnSb films as a function of their Mn concentration. Using ferromagnetic resonance to determine the uniaxial and four-fold anisotropy fields, (2K{sub U})/(M{sub s}) and (2K{sub 1})/(M{sub s}) , we find that a variation in composition can change the strength of the four-fold anisotropy by more than an order of magnitude and cause a complete 90° rotation of the uniaxial anisotropy. This provides valuable flexibility in designing new device geometries.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Raman spectra and magnetization of all-ferromagnetic superlattices grown on (110) oriented SrTiO{sub 3}

Superlattices consist of two ferromagnets La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3} (LSMO) and SrRuO{sub 3} (SRO) were grown in (110)-orientation on SrTiO{sub 3} (STO) substrates. The x-ray diffraction and Raman spectra of these superlattices show the presence of in-plane compressive strain and orthorhombic structure of less than 4 u.c. thick LSMO spacer, respectively. Magnetic measurements reveal several features including reduced magnetization, enhanced coercivity, antiferromagnetic coupling, and switching from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic coupling with magnetic field orientations. These magnetic properties are explained by the observed orthorhombic structure of spacer LSMO in Raman scattering which occurs due to the modification in the stereochemistry of Mn at the interfaces of SRO and LSMO.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Analysis of Hanle-effect signals observed in Si-channel spin accumulation devices

We reexamined curve-fitting analysis for spin-accumulation signals observed in Si-channel spin-accumulation devices, employing widely-used Lorentz functions and a new formula developed from the spin diffusion equation. A Si-channel spin-accumulation device with a high quality ferromagnetic spin injector was fabricated, and its observed spin-accumulation signals were verified. Experimentally obtained Hanle-effect signals for spin accumulation were not able to be fitted by a single Lorentz function and were reproduced by the newly developed formula. Our developed formula can represent spin-accumulation signals and thus analyze Hanle-effect signals.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Magnetization control for bit pattern formation of spinel ferromagnetic oxides by Kr ion implantation

As a first step toward the development of bit-patterned magnetic media made of oxides, we investigated the effectiveness of magnetism control by Kr implantation in a typical spinel ferromagnetic oxide, Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}. We implanted Kr ions accelerated at 30 kV on 13-nm-thick Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} thin films at dosages of (1–40) × 10{sup 14} ions/cm{sup 2}. Magnetization decreased with increase in ion dosages and disappeared when irradiation was greater than 2 × 10{sup 15} ions/cm{sup 2} of Kr ions. These dosages are more than ten times smaller than that used in the N{sub 2} implantation for metallic and oxide ferromagnets. Both the temperature dependence of magnetization and the Mössbauer study suggest that the transition of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic took place sharply due to Kr ion irradiation, which produces two-phase separation—ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic with insufficient dosage of Kr ions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Nonstochastic magnetic reversal in artificial quasicrystalline spin ice

We have measured the isothermal DC magnetization of Penrose P2 tilings (P2T) composed of wire segments of permalloy thin film. Micromagnetic simulations reproduce the coercive fields and “knee anomalies” observed in experimental data and show magnetic shape anisotropy constrains segments to be single-domain (Ising spins) at low fields, similar to artificial spin ice (ASI). Mirror symmetry controls the initial reversal of individual segments oriented parallel to the applied field, followed by complex switching of multiple adjacent segments (“avalanches”) of various orientations such that closed magnetization loops (“vortices”) are favored. Ferromagnetic P2T differ from previously studied ASI systems due to their aperiodic translational symmetry and numerous inequivalent pattern vertices, which drive nonstochastic switching of segment polarizations.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Thermal spin-transfer torque in magnetic tunnel junctions (invited)

The thermal spin-transfer torque (TSTT) is an effect to switch the magnetic free layer in a magnetic tunnel junction by a temperature gradient only. We present ab initio calculations of the TSTT. In particular, we discuss the influence of magnetic layer composition by considering Fe{sub x}Co{sub 1–x} alloys. Further, we compare the TSTT to the bias voltage driven STT and discuss the requirements for a possible thermal switching. For example, only for very thin barriers of 3 monolayers MgO, a thermal switching is imaginable. However, even for such a thin barrier, the TSTT is still too small for switching at the moment and further optimization is needed. In particular, the TSTT strongly depends on the composition of the ferromagnetic layer. In our current study, it turns out that at the chosen thickness of the ferromagnetic layer, pure Fe gives the highest thermal spin-transfer torque.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Ferromagnetic superexchange interaction and spin glass behaviour in Sm{sub 2}CoMnO{sub 6} nanoparticles

Sm{sub 2}CoMnO{sub 6} samples with particle sizes ∼70 nm were synthesized by a sol-gel technique. Field cooled magnetization study exhibited a ferromagnetic transition with a Curie temperature at ∼139K. This was attributed to ferromagnetic Co{sup 2+}−O−Mn{sup 4+} superexchange interaction. The results of magnetic relaxation measurements could be fitted to a stretched exponential function indicating the presence of both ferromagnetic and spin glass components in the system.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Noncollinear ferromagnetic easy axes in Py/Ru/FeCo/IrMn spin valves induced by oblique deposition

We present an investigation on the magnetic properties of Py/Ru/FeCo/IrMn spin valves grown by dc magnetron sputtering. The sample fabrication setup has two important features, (i) the five magnetron sputtering sources are placed in a cluster flange 72° from each other, and (ii) each source is tilted with respect to the sample normal. In-plane angular dependence of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) was used to obtain the relevant magnetic anisotropies, such as uniaxial and exchange bias fields. The oblique deposition geometry employed has induced non-collinear easy axes of the two ferromagnetic (FM) layers, with high uniaxial field strengths. The symmetry shift of the angular dependence of the FMR resonances of the two FM layers gives us directly the angle between the easy axes of FM{sub 1} (Py) and FM{sub 2} (FeCo), which turned out to be the angle between two adjacent sputtering sources. The observations of the present study suggest that, by combining oblique deposition and appropriate angles of incidence of the deposition flux, the uniaxial (and unidirectional) axes of individual FM layers can be precisely engineered in spin valve fabrication.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Josephson magnetic rotary valve

We propose a control element for a Josephson spin valve. It is a complex Josephson device containing ferromagnetic (F) layer in the weak-link area consisting of two regions, representing 0 and π Josephson junctions, respectively. The valve's state is defined by mutual orientations of the F-layer magnetization vector and boundary line between 0 and π sections of the device. We consider possible implementation of the control element by introduction of a thin normal metal layer in a part of the device area. By means of theoretical simulations, we study properties of the valve's structure as well as its operation, revealing such advantages as simplicity of control, high characteristic frequency, and good legibility of the basic states.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Heat-driven spin transport in a ferromagnetic metal

As a non-magnetic heavy metal is attached to a ferromagnet, a vertically flowing heat-driven spin current is converted to a transverse electric voltage, which is known as the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (SSE). If the ferromagnet is a metal, this voltage is also accompanied by voltages from two other sources, i.e., the anomalous Nernst effect in both the ferromagnet and the proximity-induced ferromagnetic boundary layer. By properly identifying and carefully separating those different effects, we find that in this pure spin current circuit the additional spin current drawn by the heavy metal generates another significant voltage by the ferromagnetic metal itself which should be present in all relevant experiments.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Quantum transport in ferromagnetic graphene: Role of Berry curvature

The magnetic effects in ferromagnetic graphene basically depend on the principle of exchange interaction when ferromagntism is induced by depositing an insulator layer on graphene. Here we deal with the consequences of non-uniformity in the exchange coupling strength of the ferromagnetic graphene. We discuss how the in- homogeneity in the coordinate and momentum of the exchange vector field can provide interesting results in the conductivity analysis of the ferromagnetic graphene. Our analysis is based on the Kubo formalism of quantum transport.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Electric field induced spin and valley polarization within a magnetically confined silicene channel

We study the electronic structure and transport properties of Dirac electrons along a channel created by an exchange field through the proximity of ferromagnets on a silicene sheet. The multiple total internal reflection induces localized states in the channel, which behaves like an electron waveguide. An effect of spin- and valley-filtering originating from the coupling between valley and spin degrees is predicted for such a structure. Interestingly, this feature can be tuned significantly by locally applying electric and exchange fields simultaneously. The parameter condition for observing fully spin- and valley-polarized current is obtained. These findings may be observable in todays' experimental technique and useful for spintronic and valleytronic applications based on silicene.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Generation of full polarization in ferromagnetic graphene with spin energy gap

We propose a workable scheme for the generation of full spin polarization in ferromagnetic graphene system with strain or Rashba spin-orbit interaction. A spin energy gap can be opened in ferromagnetic graphene system in the presence of strain or Rashba spin-orbit interaction, leading to the full polarization in the spin energy gap. In addition, under the combined modulation of strain and Rashba spin-orbit interaction, the ferromagnetic graphene system can generate significantly large spin-polarized current with a full polarization in the spin energy gap. It is anticipated to apply such a phenomenon to design the electron spin devices based on the graphene.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Magnetization dynamics in La{sub 0.67}Ca{sub 0.33}MnO{sub 3} epitaxial films probed with resonant and non-resonant microwave absorption

Temperature (T) dependent microwave absorption measurements are performed on La{sub 0.67}Ca{sub 0.33}MnO{sub 3} (LCMO) epitaxial thin films of thickness 100 and 200 nm in an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer operating in X-band. The resonant absorption peak is monitored for out-of-plane (H{sup ⊥}) and in-plane (H{sup ∥}) dc magnetic field (H) as the system goes through magnetic ordering. These data suggest a resilient transformation to the ferromagnetic (FM) phase in the vicinity of the Curie temperature (T{sub C}), indicative of a phase separation, which is dominant in the thinner film. The saturation magnetization is calculated from SQUID magnetometry on the same film. A pronounced zero-field absorption is seen in H{sup ∥} geometry displaying anomalous growth in 100 nm film at T < T{sub C}. This feature is correlated with the magneto-conductivity of the manganite which is colossal in the vicinity of T{sub C} in the well-ordered film of thickness 200 nm. Signature of standing spin wave modes is seen in H{sup ⊥} measurements which are analyzed to calculate the spin wave stiffness constant D(T) in the limit of zero temperature. The same is also inferred from the decay of equilibrium magnetization in the framework of Bloch law. These studies reveal that a bulk like LCMO is obtained in the fully relaxed thicker films.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Identification of the interstitial Mn site in ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As

We determined the lattice location of Mn in ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As using the electron emission channeling technique. We show that interstitial Mn occupies the tetrahedral site with As nearest neighbors (T{sub As}) both before and after thermal annealing at 200 °C, whereas the occupancy of the tetrahedral site with Ga nearest neighbors (T{sub Ga}) is negligible. T{sub As} is therefore the energetically favorable site for interstitial Mn in isolated form as well as when forming complexes with substitutional Mn. These results shed new light on the long standing controversy regarding T{sub As} versus T{sub Ga} occupancy of interstitial Mn in (Ga,Mn)As.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

High-resolution dichroic imaging of magnetic flux distributions in superconductors with scanning x-ray microscopy

The penetration of magnetic flux into high-temperature superconductors has been observed using a high-resolution technique based on x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Superconductors coated with thin soft-magnetic layers are observed in a scanning x-ray microscope under the influence of external magnetic fields. Resulting electric currents in the superconductor create an inhomogeneous magnetic field distribution above the superconductor and lead to a local reorientation of the ferromagnetic layer. Measuring the local magnetization of the ferromagnet by x-ray absorption microscopy with circular-polarized radiation allows the analysis of the magnetic flux distribution in the superconductor with a spatial resolution on the nanoscale.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Observation of 0–π transition in SIsFS Josephson junctions

The 0–π transition in Superconductor-Insulator-superconductor-Ferromagnet-Superconductor (SIsFS) Josephson junctions (JJs) was investigated experimentally. As predicted by theory, an s-layer inserted into a ferromagnetic SIFS junction can enhance the critical current density up to the value of an SIS tunnel junction. We fabricated Nb′ | AlO{sub x} | Nb | Ni{sub 60}Cu{sub 40} | Nb JJs with wedge-like s (Nb) and F (Ni{sub 60}Cu{sub 40}) layers and studied the Josephson effect as a function of the s- and F-layer thickness, d{sub s} and d{sub F}, respectively. For d{sub s} = 11 nm, π-JJs with SIFS-type j{sub c}(d{sub F}) and critical current densities up to j{sub c}{sup π}=60 A/cm{sup 2} were obtained at 4.2 K. Thicker d{sub s} led to a drastic increase of the critical current decay length, accompanied by the unexpected disappearance of the 0–π transition dip in the j{sub c}(d{sub F}) dependence. Our results are relevant for superconducting memories, rapid single flux quantum logic circuits, and solid state qubits.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Hybrid yttrium iron garnet-ferromagnet structures for spin-wave devices

We study coupled ferromagnetic layers, which could facilitate low loss, sub 100 nm wavelength spin-wave propagation and manipulation. One of the layers is a low-loss garnet film (such as yttrium iron garnet (YIG)) that enables long-distance, coherent spin-wave propagation. The other layer is made of metal-based (Permalloy, Co, and CoFe) magnetoelectronic structures that can be used to generate, manipulate, and detect the spin waves. Using micromagnetic simulations, we analyze the interactions between the spin waves in the YIG and the metallic nanomagnet structures and demonstrate the components of a scalable spin-wave based signal processing device. We argue that such hybrid-metallic ferromagnet structures can be the basis of potentially high-performance, ultra low-power computing devices.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗