Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “Excel”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1982

Evaluation of shear mounted elastomeric damper

Viton-70 elastomeric shear mounted damper was built and tested on a T-55 power turbine spool in the rotor's high speed balancing rig. This application of a shear mounted elastomeric damper demonstrated for the first time, the feasibility of using elastomers as the primary rotor damping source in production turbine engine hardware. The shear damper design was selected because it was compatible with actual gas turbine engine radial space constraints, could accommodate both the radial and axial thrust loads present in gas turbine engines, and was capable of controlled axial preload. The shear damper was interchangeable with the production T-55 power turbine roller bearing support so that a direct comparison between the shear damper and the production support structure could be made. Test results show that the Viton-70 elastomer damper operated successfully and provided excellent control of both synchronous and nonsynchronous vibrations through all phases of testing up to the maximum rotor speed of 16,000 rpm. Excellent correlation between the predicted and experienced critical speeds, mode shapes and log decrements for the power turbine rotor and elastomer damper assembly was also achieved.

Zorzi, E.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Mechanical and spectroscopic properties of metal-containing polyimides

The incorporation of specific metal ions into polyimides is described. Detailed studies have included various compounds of copper, lithium, and palladium as dopants. Addition of the metal during polymerization or after formation of the polyamic acid precedes the thermal imidization step. With many dianhydride-diamine-dopant combinations high quality variously colored films are produced. Many metal doped films exhibit (1) improved high temperature adhesive properties, (2) increased electrical conductivity, (3) excellent thermal stability, (4) improved acid/base resistance, (5) increased modulus in flexible films and (6) excellent high temperature tensile strength. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopic study of these films suggests that many of the additives undergo chemical modification during thermal imidization. Palladium dopants appear to be partially reduced to the metallic state, while lithium and copper dopants are probably converted to their oxides. Ion etching experiments with Auger electron spectroscopy monitoring are discussed.

Taylor, L. T.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Development of powder metallurgy Al alloys for high temperature aircraft structural applications, phase 2

In this continuing study, the development of mechanically alloyed heat resistant aluminum alloys for aircraft were studied to develop higher strength targets and higher service temperatures. The use of higher alloy additions to MA Al-Fe-Co alloys, employment of prealloyed starting materials, and higher extrusion temperatures were investigated. While the MA Al-Fe-Co alloys exhibited good retention of strength and ductility properties at elevated temperatures and excellent stability of properties after 1000 hour exposure at elevated temperatures, a sensitivity of this system to low extrusion strain rates adversely affected the level of strength achieved. MA alloys in the Al-Li family showed excellent notched toughness and property stability after long time exposures at elevated temperatures. A loss of Li during processing and the higher extrusion temperature 482 K (900 F) resulted in low mechanical strengths. Subsequent hot and cold working of the MA Al-Li had only a mild influence on properties.

Chellman, D. J.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Calculation of inviscid flow over shuttle-like vehicles at high angles of attack and comparisons with experimental data

A computer code HALIS, designed to compute the three dimensional flow about shuttle like configurations at angles of attack greater than 25 deg, is described. Results from HALIS are compared where possible with an existing flow field code; such comparisons show excellent agreement. Also, HALIS results are compared with experimental pressure distributions on shuttle models over a wide range of angle of attack. These comparisons are excellent. It is demonstrated that the HALIS code can incorporate equilibrium air chemistry in flow field computations.

Weilmuenster, K. J.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Polyaryl ethers and related polysiloxane copolymer molecular coatings preparation and radiation degrdation

Poly(arylene ether sulfones) comprise a class of materials known as engineering thermoplastics which have a variety of important applications. These polymers are tough, rigid materials with good mechanical properties over a wide temperature range, and they are processed by conventional methods into products typically having excellent hydrolytic, thermal, oxidative and dimensional stability. Wholly aromatic random copolymers of hydroquinone and biphenol with 4.4 prime dichlorodiphenyl sulfone were synthesized via mechanical nucleophilic displacement. Their structures were characterized and mechanical behavior studied. These tough, ductile copolymers show excellent radiation resistance to electron beam treatment and retain much of the mechanical properties up to at least 700 Mrads under argon.

Mcgrath, J. E.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Power turbine dynamics - An evaluation of a shear-mounted elastomeric damper

As an alternative to the more conventional squeeze-film bearing damper designs, a Viton-70 shear-mounted, elastomeric damper was built and tested in a T-55 power turbine high-speed balancing rig. This application demonstrated, for the first time, the feasibility of using elastomers as the primary rotor damping source in production turbine engine hardware. The shear-mounted damper design was selected because of its compatibility with actual gas turbine engine radial space constraints, its accommodation of both the radial and axial thrust loads present in gas turbine engines, and its capability of controlled axial preload. Test results showed that the Viton-70 elastomeric damper operated successfully and provided excellent control of both synchronous and nonsynchronous vibrations through all phases of testing to the maximum rotor speed of 1676 rad/s (16,000 rpm). Excellent correlation between the predicted and experienced critical speeds, mode shapes, and log decrements for the power turbine rotor and elastomer damper assembly was also achieved.

Zorzi, E. S.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Automated microdensitometer for digitizing astronomical plates

A precision microdensitometer was built under control of an IBM S/1 time-sharing computer system. The instrument's spatial resolution is better than 20 microns. A raster scan of an area of 10x10 sq mm (500x500 raster points) takes 255 minutes. The reproducibility is excellent and the stability is good over a period of 30 hours, which is significantly longer than the time required for most scans. The intrinsic accuracy of the instrument was tested using Kodak standard filters, and it was found to be better than 3%. A comparative accuracy was tested measuring astronomical plates of galaxies for which absolute photoelectric photometry data were available. The results showed an accuracy excellent for astronomical applications.

Angilello, J.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Oxidation and corrosion resistance of candidate Stirling engine heater-head-tube alloys

Sixteen candidate iron base Stirling engine heater head tube alloys are evaluated in a diesel fuel fired simulator materials test rig to determine their oxidation and corrosion resistance. Sheet specimens are tested at 820 C for 3500 hr in 5 hr heating cycles. Specific weight change data and an attack parameter are used to categorize the alloys into four groups; 10 alloys show excellent for good oxidation and corrosion resistance and six alloys exhibit poor or catastrophic resistance. Metallographic, X-ray, and electron microprobe analyses aid in further characterizing the oxidation and corrosion behavior of the alloys. Alloy compositions, expecially the reactive elements aluminum, titanium, and chromium, play a major role in the excellent oxidation and corrosion behavior of the alloys. The best oxidation resistance is associated with the formation of an iron nickel aluminum outer oxide scale, an intermediate oxide scale rich in chromium and titanium, and an aluminum outer oxide scale adjacent to the metallic substrate, which exhibits a zone of internal oxidation of aluminum and to some extent titanium.

Stephens, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Theoretical study of the AlO blue-green (B2Sigma + - X2Sigma +) band system

Two independent, extensive theoretical calculations are reported for the relative band strengths of the AlO (B2Sigma + - X2Sigma +) blue-green system and for the radiative lifetimes of the lowest few vibrational levels of the B2Sigma(+) state. The theoretical lifetimes, which include a small (less than -.5 percent) contribution from bound-bound transitions into the A2Pi state, are in excellent agreement with laser fluorescence studies. The theoretical lifetimes increase monotonically and very slowly with increasing vibrational quantum number. The relative band strengths for the blue-green system derived from the two theoretical calculations are in excellent agreement, but differ systematically from the relative band strengths of Linton and Nicholls (1969). The present results suggest that their self-absorption corrections are not large enough, resulting in relative intensities that are too large, especially for the weak bands with r centroids less than 1.5 A.

Partridge, H.↗
NASA NTRS1985

A comparison of in situ and airborne radar observations of ocean wave directionality

The directional spectrum of a fully arisen, about 3 m sea as measured by an experimental airborne radar, the NASA K(u)-band radar ocean wave spectrometer (ROWS), is compared to reference pitch-roll buoy data and to the classical SWOP (stereo wave observations project) spectrum for fully developed conditions. The ROWS spectrum, inferred indirectly from backscattered power measurements at 5-km altitude, is shown to be in excellent agreement with the buoy spectrum. Specifically, excellent agreement is found between the two nondirectional height spectra, and mean wave directions and directional spreads as functions of frequency. A comparison of the ROWS and SWOP spectra shows the two spectra to be very similar, in detailed shape as well as in terms of the gross spreading characteristics. Both spectra are seen to exhibit bimodal structures which accord with the Phillips' (1958) resonance mechanism. This observation is thus seen to support Phillips' contention that the SWOP modes were indeed resonance modes, not statistical artifacts.

Jackson, F. C.↗
NASA NTRS1984

A thermoplastic polyimidesulfone

A polymer system has been prepared which has the excellent thermoplastic properties generally associated with polysulfones, and the solvent resistance and thermal stability of aromatic polyimides. This material, with improved processability over the base polyimide, can be processed in the 260-325 C range in such a manner as to yield high quality, tough unfilled moldings; strong, high-temperature-resistant adhesive bonds; and well consolidated, graphite-fiber-reinforced moldings (composites). The unfilled moldings have physical properties that are similar to aromatic polysulfones which demonstrates the potential as an engineering thermoplastic. The adhesive bonds exhibit excellent retention of initial strength levels even after thermal aging for 5000 hours at 232 C. The graphite-fiber-reinforced moldings have mechanical properties which makes this polymer attractive for the fabrication of structural composites.

St. Clair, T. L.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Mechanical and spectroscopic properties of metal containing polyimides

The incorporation of specific metal ions into polyimides is described. Detailed studies have included various compounds of copper, lithium, and palladium as dopants. Addition of the metal during polymermzation or after formation of the polyamic acid precedes the thermal imidization step. With many dianhydride-diamine-dopant combinations high quality variously colored films are produced. Many metal doped films exhibit (1) improved high temperature adhesive properties, (2) increased electrical conductivity, (3) excellent thermal stability, (4) improved acid/base resistance, (5) increased modulus in flexible films and (6) excellent high temperature tensile strength. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopic study of these films suggests that many of the additives undergo chemical modification during thermal imidization. Palladium dopants appear to be partially reduced to the metallic state, while lithium and copper dopants are probably converted to their oxides. Ion etching experiments with Auger electron spectroscopy monitoring are discussed.

Taylor, L. T.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Analysis of turbulent underexpanded jets. II - Shock noise features using SCIPVIS

SCIPVIS, the computational model discussed by Dash et al. (1985), is assessed in predicting the complicated flow structure associated with shock-containing plumes. In addition, the analysis in this study examines this code's applicability as a basic part of a program for estimating broadband shock noise radiation. The results of this study show that excellent agreement exists between predicted and measured static pressure distributions for both underexpanded and overexpanded flow cases considered. Of the three turbulence closure models incorporated in the SCIPVIS code, the kW model of Spalding produces the most uniform agreement with measurement. The k-epsilon-2 model of Launder consistently overestimates plume spreading for supersonic jets with exit Mach numbers in the 1-2 range. Dash's (1983) k-epsilon-2-cc, compressibility-corrected version of Launder's model underestimates plume spreading. Good qualitative agreement was also obtained between the measured longitudinal turbulence intensity and that predicted by the code for the same trial case. Comparison of measured and predicted broadband shock noise spectrum peak values were found to be in excellent agreement. This utilized a variant of the Harper-Bourne and Fisher (1973) phase-array model: the effective shock spacing was reinterpreted as the value of the end of the plume potential core, determined herein by the SCIPVIS code.

Seiner, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1985

An improved processible acetylene-terminated polyimide for composites

The newest member of a family of thermosetting acetylene-substituted polyimide oligomers is HR600P. This oligomer is the isoimide version of the oligomer known as HR600P and Thermid 600. Although both types of material yield the same heat resistant end products after cure, HR600P has much superior processing characteristics. This attributed to its lower melting temperature (160 + or - 10 C, 320 + or - 20 F) in contrast to 202 C (396 F) for Thermid MC-600, its longer gel time at its processing temperature (16 to 30 minutes bvs 3 minutes), and its excellent solubility in low boiling solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, glymes, or 4:1 methyl ethyl ketone/toluene mixtures. These advantages provide more acceptable coating and impregnation procedures, allow for more complete removal at lower temperatures, provide a longer pot life or working time, and allow composite structure fabrication in conventional autoclaves used for epoxy composite curing. The excellent processing characteristics of HR600P allow its use in large area laminated structures, structural composites, and molding compositions.

Landis, A. L.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Ultra lightweight mirror performance at 8 degrees kelvin

Earlier work funded by DARPA, evaluating the optical stability of a 0.5-m ultra-lightweight, frit-bonded, fused silica mirror, is extended from the previous 100 deg K specification down to 8 deg K. The thermal stability is excellent and comparable to that for conventional fusion and solid mirrors. The total mirror change of 0.10 lambda rms (lambda = 0.6328 microns) meets the needs of most IR systems. Thermal elastic quilting is excellent (0.008 lambda). Ames Research Center and Kodak data evaluations, done independently, are in very good agreement.

Crowe, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The effect of leaf size on the microwave backscattering by corn

Attema and Ulaby (1978) proposed the cloud model to predict the microwave backscattering properties of vegetation. This paper describes a modification in which the biophysical properties and microwave properties of vegetation are related at the level of the individual scatterer (e.g., the leaf or the stalk) rather than at the level of the aggregated canopy (e.g., the green leaf area index). Assuming that the extinction cross section of an average leaf was proportional to its water content, that a power law relationship existed between the backscattering cross section of an average green corn leaf and its area, and that the backscattering coefficient of the surface was a linear function of its volumetric soil moisture content, it is found that the explicit inclusion of the effects of corn leaf size in the model led to an excellent fit between the observed and predicted backscattering coefficients. Also, an excellent power law relationship existed between the backscattering cross section of a corn leaf and its area.

Paris, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Protective coatings for composite tubes in space applications

Protective coatings for graphite/epoxy (Gr/Ep) tubular structures for a Manned Space Station truss structure were evaluated. The success of the composite tube truss structure depends on its stability to long-term exposure to the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) environment with particular emphasis placed on atomic oxygen. Concepts for protectively coating Gr/Ep tubes include use of inorganic coated metal foils and electroplating. These coatings were applied to Gr/Ep tubes and then subjected to simulated LEO environmnet to evaluate survivability of coatings and coated tubes. Evaluation included: atomic oxygen resistance, changes in optical properties and adhesion, abrasion resistancem surface preparation required, coating uniformity, and formation of microcracks in the Gr/Ep tubes caused by thermal cycling. Program results demonstrated that both phosphoric and chromic acid anodized Al foil provided excellent adhesion to Gr/Ep tubes and exhibited stable optical properties when subjected to simulated LEO environment. The SiO2/Al coatings speuttered onto Al foils also resulted in an excellent protective coating. Electroplated Ni exhibited unaccepatble adhesion loss to Gr/Ep tubes during atomic oxygen exposure.

Dursch, Harry W.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Toughening of BIS maleimide resins: Synthesis and characterization of maleimide terminated poly(arylene ether) oligomers and polymers

Amine functional poly(arylene ether) sulfones were previously reported. Herein, the chemistry was extended to amorphous poly(arylene ether) ketones because of their higher fracture toughness values, relative to the polysulfones. It was demonstrated that the amino functional oligomers undergo a self-crosslinking reaction at temperatures above about 220 C. This produces an insoluble, but ductile network that has excellent resistance. A ketamine structure hypothesis was proposed and verified using solid state magic angle NMR. In most cases, the water generated upon ketamine formation is too low to produce porosity and solid networks are obtained. The stability of the ketamine networks towards hydrolysis is excellent. The chemistry was further demonstrated to be able to crosslink preformed nonfunctional poly(arylene ether) ketones if a difunctional amine was utilized. This concept has the possibility of greatly improving the creep resistance of thermoplastics. Also, a new technique was developed for converting the amine functional oligomers cleanly into maleimide structures. This method involves reacting maleic anhydride with monomeric aminophenols in the presence of solvent mixtures.

Mcgrath, J. E.↗