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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Application of ATONA Amplifiers to the Measurement of Uranium Isotopic Ratios by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Uranium isotopic composition can provide valuable information about the history and provenance of a nuclear material; therefore, uranium isotopic analyses are frequently made in the nuclear forensics, safeguards, and environmental monitoring communities. These measurements have always presented challenges due to the extreme variability in the relative abundance between the major ( 235 U, 238 U) and minor ( 233 U, 234 U, 236 U) isotopes of uranium. Here, the recently developed ATONA (Atto- to Nano-Amp) amplification system paired with Faraday cup detectors has a large dynamic range and low noise floor making it ideal for measuring uranium isotopic ratios in materials of both natural and anthropogenic origin. A wide variety of certified reference materials were analyzed to investigate the utility of the ATONA amplification system for determining uranium isotopic composition in samples ranging from depleted to highly enriched. The ATONA amplifiers provide nearly an order of magnitude improvement in external reproducibility over 10 11 Ω amplifiers when measuring the minor 234 U/ 238 U ratio in isotopically natural and depleted samples and when paired with a secondary electron multiplier can measure very low relative abundance uranium isotopes (i.e., 236 U).

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Toward a Balanced Description of Ground and Excited States with Transcorrelated F12 Methods

By correlating only the 1-particle states occupied in the reference determinant, the conventional design for the single-reference R12/F12 explicitly correlated methods biases them toward the ground-state description, thereby making the treatment of response properties of the ground state, and energies and other properties of excited states less robust. While the use of multireference methods and/or extensions of the standard SP-projected geminals can achieve a more balanced description of ground and excited states, here we show that the same goals can be achieved by extending the action of F12 correlators to the occupied and valence unoccupied 1-particle states only. This design choice reflects the strong dependence of the optimal correlation length scale of the F12 ansatz on the orbital energies/structure, and helps to avoid the unphysical raising of the ground-state energy if the F12 geminals are used to correlate pairs of all 1-particle states. The improved F12 geminal design is incorporated into the unitary transcorrelation framework to produce a unitary 2-body Hamiltonian that incorporates the short-range dynamical correlation physics for ground and low-energy excited states in a balanced manner. This explicitly correlated effective Hamiltonian reduces the basis set requirement on the correlation-consistent basis cardinal number by 1 or more over the uncorrelated counterpart for the description of ground-state coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) energies, vertical excitation energies, and harmonic vibrational frequencies of equation-of-motion CCSD low-energy excited states.

Hamiltonians↗
DOE OSTI2020

National Cancer Institute Think-Tank Meeting Report on Proteomic Cartography and Biomarkers at the Single-Cell Level: Interrogation of Premalignant Lesions

A Think-Tank Meeting was convened by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to solicit experts’ opinion on the development and application of multi-omic single-cell analyses, and especially single-cell proteomics, to improve the development of a new generation of biomarkers for cancer risk, early detection, diagnosis, prognosis as well as to discuss the discovery of new targets for prevention and therapy. It is anticipated that such markers and targets will be based on cellular, subcellular, molecular and functional aberrations within the lesion and within individual cells. Additionally, single-cell proteomic data will be essential for the establishment of new tools that with searchable and scalable features that include spatial and temporal cartographies of premalignant and malignant lesions. Challenges and potential solutions that were discussed included: • The best way/s to analyze single-cells from fresh and preserved tissue • Detection and analysis of secreted molecules and from single cells, especially from a tissue slice • Detection of new, previously undocumented cell type/s in the premalignant and early stage cancer tissue microenvironment • Multi-omic integration of data to support and inform proteomic measurements • Subcellular organelles – identifying abnormal structure, function, distribution and location within individual premalignant and malignant cells • How to improve the dynamic range of single-cell proteomic measurements for discovery of differentially expressed proteins and their post translational modifications (PTM) • The depth of coverage measured concurrently using single-cell techniques • Quantitation - absolute or semiquantitative? • Single methodology or multiplexed combinations? • Application of analytical methods for identification of biologically significant subsets • Data visualization of N-dimensional datasets • How to construct intercellular signaling networks in individual cells within premalignant tumor microenvironments (TME) • Associations between intrinsic cellular processes and extrinsic stimuli • How to predict cellular responses to stress inducing stimuli • Identification of new markers for prediction of progression from precursor, benign and localized lesions to invasive cancer, based on spatial and temporal changes within individual cells • Identification of new targets for immunoprevention or immunotherapy – identification of neoantigens and surfactome of individual cells within a lesion

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

A Preprocessing Tool for Enhanced Ion Mobility–Mass Spectrometry-Based Omics Workflows

The ability to improve the data quality of ion mobility–mass spectrometry (IM-MS) measurements is of great importance for enabling modular and efficient computational workflows and gaining better qualitative and quantitative insights from complex biological and environmental samples. We developed the PNNL PreProcessor, a standalone and user-friendly software housing various algorithmic implementations to generate new MS-files with enhanced signal quality and in the same instrument format. Different experimental approaches are supported for IM-MS based on Drift-Tube (DT) and Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM), including liquid chromatography (LC) and infusion analyses. The algorithms extend the dynamic range of the detection system, while reducing file sizes for faster and memory-efficient downstream processing. Specifically, multidimensional smoothing improves peak shapes of poorly defined low-abundance signals, and saturation repair reconstructs the intensity profile of high-abundance peaks from various analyte types. Further, other functionalities are data compression and interpolation, IM demultiplexing, noise filtering by low intensity threshold and spike removal, and exporting of acquisition metadata. Several advantages of the tool are illustrated, including an increase of 19.4% in lipid annotations and a two-times faster processing of LC-DT IM-MS data-independent acquisition spectra from a complex lipid extract of a standard human plasma sample. The software is freely available at https://omics.pnl.gov/software/pnnl-preprocessor.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Dielectric-Engineered Monolayer MoS 2 Memtransistors for Brain-Inspired Computing with High Recognition Accuracy

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs)-based memtransistors have emerged as promising candidates for neuromorphic hardware due to their exceptional ability to emulate synaptic behavior. However, many existing 2D-TMDs memtransistors rely on polycrystalline channels with grain boundaries or defects introduced through postgrowth treatments, raising concerns about material integrity and the preservation of intrinsic properties. Here, in this work, we demonstrate a monocrystalline monolayer MoS 2 memtransistor fabricated on a silicon nitride (SiN X ) substrate, achieving a large resistive switching ratio of 10 4 , a dynamic range exceeding 90, along with highly linear and symmetric weight updates, minimal cycle-to-cycle variability, and low device-to-device variability. These attributes are critical for enabling high-performance neuromorphic hardware. Based on experimental data, we further show that these artificial synapses enable a recognition accuracy of more than 97% on the MNIST handwritten digits data set. Our findings present a straightforward approach to realizing 2D-TMDs memtransistors through dielectric engineering, offering a promising platform for next-generation neuromorphic computing systems.

2D TMDs↗
DOE OSTI2022

Mapping 1D Confined Electromagnetic Edge States in 2D Monolayer Semiconducting MoS 2 Using 4D-STEM

Here, four-dimensional (4D) scanning transmission electron microscopy is used to study the electric fields at the edges of 2D semiconducting monolayer MoS2. Sub-nanometer 1D features in the 2D electric field maps are observed at the outermost region along zigzag edges and also along nanowire MoS-terminated MoS 2 edges. Atomic-scale oscillations are detected in the magnitude of the 1D electromagnetic edge state, with spatial variations that depend on the specific periodic edge reconstructions. Electric field reconstructions, along with integrated differential phase contrast reconstructions, reveal the presence of low Z number atoms terminating many of the uniform edges, which are difficult to detect by annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy due to its limited dynamic range. Density functional theory calculations support the formation of periodic 1D edge states and also show that enhancement of the electric field magnitude can occur for some edge terminations. The experimentally observed electric fields at the edges are attributed to the absence of an opposing electric field from a nearest neighbor atom when the electron beam propagates through the 2D monolayer and interacts. These results show the potential of 4D-STEM to map the atomic scale structure and fluctuations of electric fields around edge atoms with different bonding states than bulk atoms in 2D materials, beyond conventional imaging.

2D materials↗
DOE OSTI2026

High-Sensitivity DNA Aptasensors for Detecting Salivary Biomarker S100A7 in Heart Failure

Early detection of heart failure (HF) is vital for improving patient outcomes, lowering hospital readmission rates, and enabling prompt treatment. We present the first high-affinity DNA aptamer for the salivary HF biomarker S100A7 and its application in highly sensitive, noninvasive diagnostic tests. Iterative truncation of the initial 82-nt aptamer (17–82) produced a 43-nt core (17–43) with a binding affinity of 27 nM, which was further enhanced to 5.5 nM through dimerization. Biochemical and mutational studies confirmed that 17–43 adopts a G-quadruplex structure, which is essential for S100A7 recognition and resistance to enzymatic degradation in human saliva. Incorporating 17–43 into sandwich aptamer-ELISA and hybrid aptamer–antibody ELISA assays allowed detection of recombinant S100A7 in human saliva with limits of detection (LOD) of 7.4 ng mL–1 (0.6 nM) and 29 pg/mL (2.2 pM), respectively-outperforming commercial immunoassays in both sensitivity and dynamic range. The hybrid assay maintained its full performance after 2.5 months of room temperature storage. Additionally, a biolayer interferometry (BLI) sensor with 17–43 quantified S100A7 in patient saliva (n = 3), achieving a LOD of 3.2 ng mL–1 (0.3 nM) with a total assay time of less than 20 min. The aptamer’s stability, high specificity, and versatility across biosensing platforms establish it as a promising tool for noninvasive heart failure diagnostics, laying the groundwork for portable aptamer-based biosensors for multiplexed monitoring of HF biomarkers.

DNA aptamer↗
DOE OSTI2022

Vertical Architecture Solution-Processed Quantum Dot Photodetectors with Amorphous Selenium Hole Transport Layer

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) provide wide spectral tunability and high absorption coefficients owing to quantum confinement and large oscillator strengths, which along with solution processability, allow a facile, low-cost, and room-temperature deposition technique for the fabrication of photonic devices. However, many solution-processed CQD photodetector devices demonstrate low specific-detectivity and slow temporal response. To achieve improved photodetector characteristics, limiting carrier recombination and enhancing photogenerated carrier separation are crucial. In this study, we develop and present an alternate vertical-stack photodetector wherein we use a solution-processed quantum dot photoconversion layer coupled to an amorphous selenium (a-Se) wide-bandgap charge transport layer that is capable of exhibiting single-carrier hole impact ionization and is compatible with active-matrix readout circuitry. This a-Se chalcogenide transport layer enables the fabrication of high-performance and reliable solution-processed quantum dot photodetectors, with enhanced charge extraction capabilities, high specific detectivity (D* ~ 0.5–5 × 10 12 Jones), fast 3 dB electrical bandwidth (3 dB BW ~ 22 MHz), low dark current density (J D ~ 5–10 pA/cm 2 ), low noise current (i n ~ 20–25 fW/Hz 1/2 ), and high linear dynamic range (LDR ~130–150 dB) across the measured visible electromagnetic spectrum (~405–656 nm).

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

A Suite of Constitutive Promoters for Tuning Gene Expression in Plants

The need for convenient tools to express transgenes over a large dynamic range is pervasive throughout plant synthetic biology; however, current efforts are largely limited by the heavy reliance on a small set of strong promoters, precluding more nuanced and refined engineering endeavors in planta . To address this technical gap, we characterize a suite of constitutive promoters that span a wide range of transcriptional levels and develop a GoldenGate-based plasmid toolkit named PCONS, optimized for versatile cloning and rapid testing of transgene expression at varying strengths. We demonstrate how easy access to a stepwise gradient of expression levels can be used for optimizing synthetic transcriptional systems and the production of small molecules in planta . We also systematically investigate the potential of using PCONS as an internal standard in plant biology experimental design, establishing the best practices for signal normalization in experiments. Although our library has primarily been developed for optimizing expression in N. benthamiana , we demonstrate the translatability of our promoters across distantly related species using a multiplexed reporter assay with barcoded transcripts. In conclusion, our findings showcase the advantages of the PCONS library as an invaluable toolkit for plant synthetic biology.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Chemistry of Sugar Formation in the Gas Phase: Following the Activated Aldehyde

Sugars are produced by living organisms, and are required building blocks for life as we know it, which raises the foundational question of how sugars formed in a prebiotic environment. The abiotic formose reaction produces sugars from formaldehyde, but our understanding of its initiation step remains murky, with chemists invoking the concept of an “activated aldehyde” to seed this reaction. Singlet hydroxycarbenes, high-energy isomers of aldehydes, were recently reported to facilitate sugar formation under cold, nonaqueous conditions relevant to interstellar environments. Here, we generate singlet methylhydroxycarbene ( 1 CH 3 –C̈–OH) from the photodissociation of pyruvic acid and experimentally measure its gas-phase reaction with d 4 -acetaldehyde using multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry. The C 4 H 4 D 4 O 2 isomer d 4 -acetoin is the sole product, which we kinetically link to the reactant CH 3 –C̈–OH, and attribute to a carbonyl-ene formation mechanism. We see no evidence of 3-hydroxybutanal, the C–H insertion product expected in carbene chemistry. Using automated exploration we calculate stationary points on the potential energy surface and report master equation rate coefficients from T = 20–600 K, providing quantitative kinetics of this fast reaction for use in chemical models. The prereactive complex in this reaction is stabilized by both hydrogen bonding and electrophilic carbene C═O interactions. These effects create a short-range dynamical bottleneck for the reaction besides the long- and midrange barrierless bottlenecks. Combined with recent reports of 1 HC̈OH production from methanol photodissociation and pyruvic acid production in cold irradiated ices, this work provides evidence that singlet hydroxycarbene + aldehyde chemistry is a feasible path to prebiotic sugar formation.

aldehydes↗
DOE OSTI2024

Accumulation of Large Ion Populations with High Ion Densities and Effects Due to Space Charge in Traveling Wave-Based Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM) IMS-MS

The accumulation of very large ion populations in traveling wave (TW)-based Structures for Lossless ion Manipulations (SLIM) has been studied to better understand aspects of ‘in-SLIM’ ion accumulation, and particularly its use in conjunction with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). A linear SLIM ion path was implemented that had a ‘gate’ for blocking and accumulating ions for arbitrary time periods. Removing the gate potential caused ions to exit and the spatial distributions of accumulated ions were examined. The ion populations for a set of peptides were observed to increase with increased accumulation times until space change effects became significant, after which the peptide precursor ion populations decreased due to growing space charge-related ion activation, reactions, and losses. Ions closest to the gate were preferentially activated, and increasingly so with added storage times, TW amplitude, and the size of the total ion population. For analytical applications, we found that relatively weak TWs in the accumulation/storage region should be utilized to prevent or minimize ion losses and/or ion heating effects that can also lead to fragmentation. Our results further indicate that an accumulation region close to the SLIM entrance is advantageous for both speeding accumulation, minimizing ion heating, and avoiding ion population profiles that result in IMS peak tailing. Importantly, space charge-driven separations were observed for large populations of accumulated species and attributed to the opposing effects of space charge and the TW. In these separations, ion species form distributions or peaks, sometimes moving against the TW, and ordered in the SLIM based on their mobilities. Such separations may offer utility for ion pre-fractionation of ions and increasing the dynamic range measurements, increasing the resolving power of IMS separations by decreasing peak widths for accumulated ion populations, and other purposes benefitting from separations of extremely large ion populations.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Achievements and Prospects of Global Broadband Seismographic Networks After 30 Years of Continuous Geophysical Observations

Global seismographic networks (GSNs) emerged during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, facilitated by seminal international developments in theory, technology, instrumentation, and data exchange. The mid- to late-twentieth century saw the creation of the World-Wide Standardized Seismographic Network (1961) and International Deployment of Accelerometers (1976), which advanced global geographic coverage as seismometer bandwidth increased greatly allowing for the recording of the Earth's principal seismic spectrum. The modern era of global observations and rapid data access began during the 1980s, and notably included the inception of the GEOSCOPE initiative (1982) and GSN (1988). Through continual improvements, GEOSCOPE and the GSN have realized near-real time recording of ground motion with state-of-art data quality, dynamic range, and timing precision to encompass 180 seismic stations, many in very remote locations. Data from GSNs are increasingly integrated with other geophysical data (e.g., space geodesy, infrasound and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar). Globally distributed seismic data are critical to resolving crust, mantle, and core structure; illuminating features of the plate tectonic and mantle convection system; rapid characterization of earthquakes; identification of potential tsunamis; global nuclear test verification; and provide sensitive proxies for environmental changes. As the global geosciences community continues to advance our understanding of Earth structure and processes controlling elastic wave propagation, GSN infrastructure offers a springboard to realize increasingly multi-instrument geophysical observatories. Here, we review the historical, scientific, and monitoring heritage of GSNs, summarize key discoveries, and discuss future associated opportunities for Earth Science.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Nanobody-enabled monitoring of kappa opioid receptor states

Recent studies show that GPCRs rapidly interconvert between multiple states although our ability to interrogate, monitor and visualize them is limited by a relative lack of suitable tools. We previously reported two nanobodies (Nb39 and Nb6) that stabilize distinct ligand- and efficacy-delimited conformations of the kappa opioid receptor. Here, we demonstrate via X-ray crystallography a nanobody-targeted allosteric binding site by which Nb6 stabilizes a ligand-dependent inactive state. As Nb39 stabilizes an active-like state, we show how these two state-dependent nanobodies can provide real-time reporting of ligand stabilized states in cells in situ. Significantly, we demonstrate that chimeric GPCRs can be created with engineered nanobody binding sites to report ligand-stabilized states. Our results provide both insights regarding potential mechanisms for allosterically modulating KOR with nanobodies and a tool for reporting the real-time, in situ dynamic range of GPCR activity.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Electro-optic characterization of synthesized infrared-visible light fields

The measurement and control of light field oscillations enable the study of ultrafast phenomena on sub-cycle time scales. Electro-optic sampling (EOS) is a powerful field characterization approach, in terms of both sensitivity and dynamic range, but it has not reached beyond infrared frequencies. Here, we show the synthesis of a sub-cycle infrared-visible pulse and subsequent complete electric field characterization using EOS. The sampled bandwidth spans from 700 nm to 2700 nm (428 to 110 THz). Tailored electric-field waveforms are generated with a two-channel field synthesizer in the infrared-visible range, with a full-width at half-maximum duration as short as 3.8 fs at a central wavelength of 1.7 µm (176 THz). EOS detection of the complete bandwidth of these waveforms extends it into the visible spectral range. To demonstrate the power of our approach, we use the sub-cycle transients to inject carriers in a thin quartz sample for nonlinear photoconductive field sampling with sub-femtosecond resolution.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Global energy spectrum of the general oceanic circulation

Abstract Advent of satellite altimetry brought into focus the pervasiveness of mesoscale eddies $${{{{{{{\bf{{{{{{{{\mathcal{O}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}({100})$$ O ( 100 ) km in size, which are the ocean’s analogue of weather systems and are often regarded as the spectral peak of kinetic energy (KE). Yet, understanding of the ocean’s spatial scales has been derived mostly from Fourier analysis in small "representative” regions that cannot capture the vast dynamic range at planetary scales. Here, we use a coarse-graining method to analyze scales much larger than what had been possible before. Spectra spanning over three decades of length-scales reveal the Antarctic Circumpolar Current as the spectral peak of the global extra-tropical circulation, at ≈ 10 4 km, and a previously unobserved power-law scaling over scales larger than 10 3 km. A smaller spectral peak exists at ≈ 300 km associated with mesoscales, which, due to their wider spread in wavenumber space, account for more than 50% of resolved surface KE globally. Seasonal cycles of length-scales exhibit a characteristic lag-time of ≈ 40 days per octave of length-scales such that in both hemispheres, KE at 10 2 km peaks in spring while KE at 10 3 km peaks in late summer. These results provide a new window for understanding the multiscale oceanic circulation within Earth’s climate system, including the largest planetary scales.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Highly multiplexed design of an allosteric transcription factor to sense new ligands

Allosteric transcription factors (aTF) regulate gene expression through conformational changes induced by small molecule binding. Although widely used as biosensors, aTFs have proven challenging to design for detecting new molecules because mutation of ligand-binding residues often disrupts allostery. Here, we develop Sensor-seq, a high-throughput platform to design and identify aTF biosensors that bind to non-native ligands. We screen a library of 17,737 variants of the aTF TtgR, a regulator of a multidrug exporter, against six non-native ligands of diverse chemical structures – four derivatives of the cancer therapeutic tamoxifen, the antimalarial drug quinine, and the opiate analog naltrexone – as well as two native flavonoid ligands, naringenin and phloretin. Sensor-seq identifies biosensors for each of these ligands with high dynamic range and diverse specificity profiles. The structure of a naltrexone-bound design shows shape-complementary methionine-aromatic interactions driving ligand specificity. To demonstrate practical utility, we develop cell-free detection systems for naltrexone and quinine. Sensor-seq enables rapid and scalable design of new biosensors, overcoming constraints of natural biosensors.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Defect-engineered monolayer MoS 2 with enhanced memristive and synaptic functionality for neuromorphic computing

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)-based memristors are promising candidates for realizing artificial synapses in next-generation computing. However, practical implementation faces several challenges, such as high non-linearity and asymmetry in synaptic weight updates, limited dynamic range, and cycle-to-cycle variability. Here, utilizing optimal-power argon plasma treatment, we significantly enhance the performance matrix of memristors fabricated from monolayer MoS 2 . Our approach not only improves linearity and symmetry in synaptic weight updates but also increases the number of available synaptic weight updates and enhances Spike-Time Dependent Plasticity. Notably, it broadens the switching ratio by two orders, minimizes cycle-to-cycle variability, reduces non-linear factors, and achieves an energy consumption of ~30 fJ per synaptic event. Implementation of these enhancements is demonstrated through Artificial Neural Network simulations, yielding a learning accuracy of ~97% on the MNIST hand-written digits dataset. Our findings underscore the significance of defect engineering as a powerful tool in advancing the synaptic functionality of memristors.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

A visible to near-infrared nanocrystalline organic photodetector with ultrafast photoresponse

Organic photoelectron conversion devices, due to their solution process and wide use in portable devices, have attracted intensive interest. In this work, a newly developed active layer of D18:Y6 is used to fabricate an organic photodetector and the device of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/D18:Y6/Phen-NaDPO/Ag shows a responsivity of 680 mA W –1 and a detectivity of 6.35 × 10 13 Jones (1 Jones = 1 cm Hz 1/2 W –1 ) at a wavelength of 850 nm. Additionally, this device shows a wide linear dynamic range of 120 dB, indicating a potential near-infrared region (NIR) detector system. Owing to the minimal exciton binding energy of 37.6 meV for Y6, a desirable energy offset for efficient electron–hole pair dissociation and an ultrafast charge transfer of ~58 ps at the interface of D18:Y6, the obtained organic photodetector has demonstrated a photoresponse time as fast as 1.8 μs upon laser light excitation without an external driven voltage. More importantly, D18 shows a preferred out-of-plane orientation with strong intensities and Y6 exhibits a preferred orientation along the in-plane direction on lamellar stacking, which facilitates charge transport. This work has demonstrated significant progress in exploring D18:Y6 NIR organic devices with a wide photosensitivity linearity and ultrafast photoresponse.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗