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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1994

Improvement of the photometric sunspot index and changes of the disk-integrated sunspot contrast with time

The photometric sunspot index (PSI) was developed to study the effects of sunspots on solar irradiance. It is calculated from the sunspot data published in the Solar-Geophysical Data catalog. It has been shown that the former PSI models overestimate the effect of dark sunspots on solar irradiance; furthermore results of direct sunspot photometry indicate that the contrast of spots depends on their area. An improved PSI calculation is presented; it takes into account the area dependence of the contrast and calculates `true' daily means for each observation using the differential rotation of the spots. Moreover, the observations are screened for outliers which improves the homogeneity of the data set substantially, at least for the period after December 1981 when NOAA started to report data from a few instead of one to two stations. A detailed description of the method is provided. The correlation between the newly calculated PSI and total solar irradiance is studied for different phases of the solar cycles 21 and 22 using bi-variate spectral analysis. The results can be used as a `calibration' of PSI in terms of gain, the factor by which PSI has to be multiplied to yield the observed irradiance change. The factor changes with time from about 0.6 in 1980 to 1.1 in 1990. This unexpected result cannot be interpreted by a change of the contrast relative to the quiet Sun (as it is normally defined and determined by direct photometry) but rather as a change of the contrast between the spots and their surrounding as seen in total irradiance (integrated over the solar disk). This may partly be explained by a change in the ratio between the areas of the spots and the surrounding faculae.

Froehlich, Claus↗
NASA NTRS2004

Microgravity Environment on the International Space Station

A primary feature of the International Space Station will be its microgravity environment--an environment in which the effects of gravity are drastically reduced. The International Space Station design has been driven by a long-standing, high-level requirement for a microgravity mode of operation. Various types of data are gathered when science experiments are conducted. The acceleration levels experienced during experiment operation should be factored into the analysis of the results of most microgravity experiments. To this end, the Space Acceleration Measurement System records the acceleration levels to support microgravity researchers for nearly three years of International Space Station operations. The Principal Investigator Microgravity Services project assists the experiments principal investigators with their analysis of the acceleration (microgravity) environment. The Principal Investigator Microgravity Services project provides cataloged data, periodic analysis summary reports, specialized reports for experiment teams, and real-time data in a variety of user-defined formats. Characterization of the various microgravity carriers (e.g., Shuttle and International Space Station) is also accomplished for the experiment teams. Presented in this paper will be a short description of how microgravity disturbances may affect some experiment classes, a snapshot of the microgravity environment, and a view into how well the space station is expected to meet the user requirements.

DeLombard, Richard↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Recent Progress at the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS)

The International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) is experiencing significant growth. New stations are being built and brought into operation, expanding the spatial and temporal coverage of the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) observations. Some of these stations are multi-technique Core Sites that allow us to exploit the combined strengths of different geodetic space techniques. New satellites are strengthening the ILRS contribution to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), and expanding the spectrum of satellite applications supported by the ILRS. New analysis, modeling, and data processing techniques continue to improve the science products. New campaigns are continuing to expand SLR applications into relativity and the study of non-gravitational forces. The ILRS is currently participating in the Galileo for Science campaign (G4S_2.0 project), funded by the Italian Space Agency (ASI), which aims to perform a set of measurements in the field of gravitation with the Galileo satellites, taking advantage of the accuracy of the on-board atomic clocks and, in particular, of GSAT0201and GSAT0202 by exploiting their relatively high eccentricity (~0.16). New activities underway in Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR), with the imminent launch and deployment of the upcoming Next Generation Lunar Retroreflector - 1 (NGLR-1) to the lunar surface. Some new satellites supported by the ILRS are now exploring means of capturing Space Debris, while some ILRS stations run local laser ranging projects to track space debris, contributing to the maintenance of various data catalogs. Time transfer experiments are also expanding the application of laser ranging, linking two fully characterized optical clocks at different locations with SLR (Einstein Synchronization) providing measurements of height differences, demonstrating the feasibility of a physical height system. Two-way and one-way transponders activity has been underway since the LASSO experiment in the 1990’s. More experiments are underway or planned. Applications include time and frequency transfer and clock synchronization between ground and space, interplanetary laser ranging, and fundamental physics. This presentation will give an update on ILRS activities and the impact that these activities have had and will have on ILRS data products.

Lunar Laser Ranging↗
DOE OSTI2024

SMART Deliverable 6.1.2a: Application of the ORION tool to the IBDP Carbon Storage Site

Forecasting and managing potential induced seismic activity is one of the challenges facing commercialscale geologic carbon sequestration (GCS), as well as other geologic energy extraction and byproduct disposal technologies. Historically, the process to develop robust, science-based forecasts of induced seismicity has required an integrated effort from experts in seismology, geomechanics, and reservoir engineering to manage data, develop and evaluate models of subsurface processes, and to calibrate and interpret the results from a range of models to understand site behavior relative to prescribed standards and in the context of uncertainty in geologic characterization data, forecasting models, and operational scenario uncertainty. The Operational Forecasting of Induced Seismicity (ORION) toolkit is an open-source, observation-based forecasting toolkit that is being co-developed by two U.S. DOE-funded initiatives: the National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) and the Scienceinformed Machine Learning for Accelerating Real Time Decisions in Subsurface Applications (SMART) Initiative. ORION is designed to provide functionality to support decision making about seismic hazard analysis and risk management for GCS stakeholders ranging from the public to site operators to expert seismologists. The tool, which is written as open-source code in the Python programming language, is composed of a desktop graphical user interface (GUI) and an underlying forecasting engine. The forecasting engine uses available reservoir properties, well and fluid injection scenario details, and observed seismic catalog data as inputs to produce a set of temporal and spatio-temporal seismic forecasts.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

The Dark Energy Camera All Data Everywhere cosmic shear project V: Constraints on cosmology and astrophysics from 270 million galaxies across 13,000 deg$^2$ of the sky

We present constraints on models of cosmology and astrophysics using cosmic shear data vectors from three datasets: the northern and southern Galactic cap of the Dark Energy Camera All Data Everywhere (DECADE) project, and the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3. These data vectors combined consist of 270 million galaxies spread across 13,000 ${\rm deg}^2$ of the sky. We first extract constraints for $Λ$CDM cosmology and find $S_8= 0.805^{+0.019}_{-0.019}$ and $Ω_{\rm m} = 0.262^{+0.023}_{-0.036}$, which is consistent within $1.9 σ$ of constraints from the Planck satellite. Extending our analysis to dynamical dark energy models shows that lensing provides some (but still minor) improvements to existing constraints from supernovae and baryon acoustic oscillations. Finally, we study six different models for the impact of baryons on the matter power spectrum. We show the different models provide consistent constraints on baryon suppression, and associated cosmology, once the astrophysical priors are sufficiently wide. Current scale-cut approaches for mitigating baryon contamination result in a residual bias of $\approx 0.3σ$ in the $S_8, Ω_{\rm m}$ posterior. Using all scales with dedicated baryon modeling leads to negligible improvement as the new information is used solely to self-calibrate the baryon model on small scales. Additional non-lensing datasets, and/or calibrations of the baryon model, will be required to access the full statistical power of the lensing measurements. The combined dataset in this work represents the largest lensing dataset to date (most galaxies, largest area) and provides an apt testing ground for analyses of upcoming datasets from Stage IV surveys. The DECADE shear catalogs, data vectors, and likelihoods are made publicly available.

Anbajagane, D. [Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr↗
DOE OSTI2024

Subsurface Energy Systems Mapping Inquiry Tool (MapIT)

The Subsurface Energy Systems Mapping Inquiry Tool (MapIT) is an online web mapping tool designed to help users discover available public-sourced data to facilitate data exploration for subsurface energy exploration and characterization efforts for resource identification (e.g. critical minerals, hydrocarbons, geothermal) as well as injection of geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide (e.g. enhanced oil recovery, saline storage, etc.). Modules within the tool curate data related to geology, faults, fractures, injection and confining zones, hydrologic information, groundwater, groundwater wells, geomechanical and petrophysical data, and geochemical data. User documentation on how to use the tool is also provided. Data have been collected from authoritative national, state, and local sources and made available in this tool. The data is also available as a data catalog and Esri Geodatabase at: https://edx.netl.doe.gov/dataset/mapit-database Disclaimer: There is no guarantee of completeness or appropriateness for individual user’s requirements. Use of this tool is solely at the discretion of the user. See full Federal Disclaimer for further information (https://netl.doe.gov/home/disclaimer). This project was funded by the United States Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, in part, through a site support contract. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor the support contractor, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. https://www.netl.doe.gov/home/disclaimer

Carbon Sequestration↗
DOE OSTI2023

The catalog-to-cosmology framework for weak lensing and galaxy clustering for LSST

We present TXPipe, a modular, automated and reproducible pipeline for ingesting catalog data and performing all the calculations required to obtain quality-assured two-point measurements of lensing and clustering, and their covariances, with the metadata necessary for parameter estimation. The pipeline is developed within the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC), and designed for cosmology analyses using LSST data. In this paper, we present the pipeline for the so-called 3x2pt analysis -- a combination of three two-point functions that measure the auto- and cross-correlation between galaxy density and shapes. We perform the analysis both in real and harmonic space using TXPipe and other LSST-DESC tools. We validate the pipeline using Gaussian simulations and show that it accurately measures data vectors and recovers the input cosmology to the accuracy level required for the first year of LSST data under this simplified scenario. We also apply the pipeline to a realistic mock galaxy sample extracted from the CosmoDC2 simulation suite (Korytov et al. 2019). TXPipe establishes a baseline framework that can be built upon as the LSST survey proceeds. Furthermore, the pipeline is designed to be easily extended to science probes beyond the 3x2pt analysis.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1970

The Nimbus 4 user's guide

Background information on the Nimbus 4 spacecraft and experiments is provided for potential data users as a basis for selecting, obtaining, and utilizing Nimbus 4 data in research studies. The basic spacecraft system operation and the objectives of the Nimbus 4 flight are outlined, with a detailed discussion of each of the experiments included. The format, archiving, and access to the data are also described. Finally, the contents and format of the Nimbus 4 data catalogs are described.

Sabatini, R. R.↗
NASA NTRS1972

The Nimbus 5 user's guide

Background information on the Nimbus 5 spacecraft and experiments is presented as a basis for selecting, obtaining, and utilizing the data in research studies. The basic spacecraft system operation and the objectives of the Nimbus 5 flight are outlined, followed by a detailed discussion of each of the experiments. The format, archiving, and access to the data, and the contents and format of the Nimbus 5 Data Catalogs are described.

Sabatini, R. R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Radio Astrometry

The utilization of conventional and VLBI interferometer techniques for accurate determination of UTI, polar motion, and radio source position catalog data is discussed.

Johnston, K. J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Seasat low-rate data system

The Seasat low-rate data system, an end-to-end data-processing and data-distribution system for the four low-rate sensors (radar altimeter, Seasat-A scatterometer system, scanning multichannel microwave radiometer, and visible and infrared radiometer) carried aboard the satellite, is discussed. The function of the distributed, nonreal-time, magnetic-tape system is to apply necessary calibrations, corrections, and conversions to yield geophysically meaningful products from raw telemetry data. The algorithms developed for processing data from the different sensors are described, together with the data catalogs compiled.

Brown, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Processing system

To implement the analysis techniques and to provide end-to-end processing, a system was designed with the following capabilities: receive and catalog data from many sources; organize the data on mass storage for rapid access; edit for reasonableness; create new data sets by sorting on parameter, averaging and merging; provide statistical analysis and display tools; and distribute data on demand. Consideration was given to developing a flexible system that could meet immediate workshop needs and respond to future requirements. System architecture and data set details implemented are discussed.

Hilland, J. E.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Catalog of infrared observations including: Bibliography of infrared astronomy and index of infrared source positions

The Catalog of Infrared Observations and its Far Infrared Supplement summarize all infrared astronomical observations at infrared wavelengths published in the scientific literature between 1965 and 1982. The Catalog includes as appendices the Bibliography of infrared astronomy which keys observations in the Catalog with the original journal references, and the index of infrared source positions which gives source positions for alphabetically listed sources in the Catalog. The Catalog data base contains over 85,000 observations of about 10,000 infrared sources, of which about 2,000 have no known visible counterpart.

Gezari, D. Y.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The Draco cloud as a matrix of potential protostars

The Draco molecular cloud is inbound at a z distance of a few hundred parsecs, according to previous observations. IRAS Point Source Catalog data for a 36 sq deg area that includes most of the cloud and a comparison area around it are tabulated, illustrated, and discussed. The sources are classified as 56 unidentified, 38 identified extragalactic objects, and 44 identified stars. The unidentified and unresolved 100 micron sources appear to be globule-like clumps that are candidates for producing protostars, although the data cannot demonstrate currently accreting protostars in the globules. An undetermined percent of 100 micron sources may be artifactual, but only a small percent of them may be galaxies because of the adherence to the Draco cloud. Sources detected also at 60 micron or only at 60 micron do not adhere to the cloud and are probably galaxies. Unless artifactual the unidentified and unresolved 100 micron sources may provide considerable new information about the cloud components and therefore about potential star formation in a new class of sites and origins. Six unidentified sources have 12-25 micron stellar spectral distributions, but neither they nor the identified stars have 12-25 micron spectra characteristic of T Tauri stars.

Johnson, Hugh M.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Clean room survey and assessment, volume 5, appendix H

The scope of this task is to perform a comparative analysis of the various Environmental Control Life Support System (ECLSS) options for different growth scenarios. The Space Station Freedom ECLSS design and existing ground-based clean room facilities are used as a baseline for comparison. Specifically addressed here are the ground based clean room facilities at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). Given here is an evaluation of the facilities, equipment, technologies, and procedures used to maintain specified environments in typical aerospace industrial areas. Twenty-five specific clean rooms are evaluated. The objectives were to collect, compare, and catalog data for each specified facility in the areas of engineering and design, construction materials, work stations, contamination control, particulate elimination, entry systems, and instrumentation, and to make recommendations concerning enhancements required to assure an efficient and orderly evolution of MSFC clean room environmental control facilities.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1994

Flexible Method for Inter-object Communication in C++

A method has been developed for organizing and sharing large amounts of information between objects in C++ code. This method uses a set of object classes to define variables and group them into tables. The variable tables presented here provide a convenient way of defining and cataloging data, as well as a user-friendly input/output system, a standardized set of access functions, mechanisms for ensuring data integrity, methods for interprocessor data transfer, and an interpretive language for programming relationships between parameters. The object-oriented nature of these variable tables enables the use of multiple data types, each with unique attributes and behavior. Because each variable provides its own access methods, redundant table lookup functions can be bypassed, thus decreasing access times while maintaining data integrity. In addition, a method for automatic reference counting was developed to manage memory safely.

Curlett, Brian P.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Long-term variations in total solar and UV irradiances

The variations of total solar and UV irradiances during solar cycles 21 and 22 are compared. The total solar irradiance data used were obtained by the SMM/active cavity radiometer irradiance monitoring (ACRIM) 1, upper atmosphere research satellite (UARS)/ACRIM 2 and ERBS experiments. The space-based irradiance observations are compared to the Mount Wilson Magnetic Plage and Photometric Sunspot Index, which is derived from the area and position of sunspots published by the NOAA World Data Center Solar Geophysical Data Catalog. It is found that the variations in solar UV irradiance were similar during the maximum and minimum of solar cycles 21 and 22. The possible reasons for the differences in the irradiance values during the minima of the two solar cylces are discussed.

Pap, J. M.↗