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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

XtalCAMP: a comprehensive program for the analysis and visualization of scanning Laue X-ray micro-/nanodiffraction data

XtalCAMP is a software package based on the MATLAB platform, which is suitable for, but not limited to, the analysis and visualization of scanning Laue X-ray micro-/nanodiffraction data. The main objective of the software is to provide complementary functionalities to the Laue indexing software packages used at several synchrotron beamlines. Here, the graphical user interfaces allow the easy analysis of characteristic microstructure features, including real-time intensity mapping for a quick examination of phase, grain and defect distribution, 2D color-coded mapping of microstructural properties from the output of other Laue indexing software, crystal orientation visualization, grain boundary characterization based on orientation/misorientation calculation, principal strain/stress analysis, and strain ellipsoid representation, as well as a series of additional toolkits. As an example, XtalCAMP is applied to the microstructural investigation of a solution-heat-treated Ni-based superalloy manufactured using a laser 3D-printing technique, and a deformed natural quartzite from Val Bregaglia in the Central Alps.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Photoperiod decelerates the advance of spring phenology of six deciduous tree species under climate warming

Abstract Vegetation phenology in spring has substantially advanced under climate warming, consequently shifting the seasonality of ecosystem process and altering biosphere–atmosphere feedbacks. However, whether and to what extent photoperiod (i.e., daylength) affects the phenological advancement is unclear, leading to large uncertainties in projecting future phenological changes. Here we examined the photoperiod effect on spring phenology at a regional scale using in situ observation of six deciduous tree species from the Pan European Phenological Network during 1980–2016. We disentangled the photoperiod effect from the temperature effect (i.e., forcing and chilling) by utilizing the unique topography of the northern Alps of Europe (i.e., varying daylength but uniform temperature distribution across latitudes) and examining phenological changes across latitudes. We found prominent photoperiod‐induced shifts in spring leaf‐out across latitudes (up to 1.7 days per latitudinal degree). Photoperiod regulates spring phenology by delaying early leaf‐out and advancing late leaf‐out caused by temperature variations. Based on these findings, we proposed two phenological models that consider the photoperiod effect through different mechanisms and compared them with a chilling model. We found that photoperiod regulation would slow down the advance in spring leaf‐out under projected climate warming and thus mitigate the increasing frost risk in spring that deciduous forests will face in the future. Our findings identify photoperiod as a critical but understudied factor influencing spring phenology, suggesting that the responses of terrestrial ecosystem processes to climate warming are likely to be overestimated without adequately considering the photoperiod effect.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

The coronavirus spread: the Italian case

A model based on population growth, chaotic maps and turbulent flows is applied to the spread of Coronavirus for each Italian region in order to obtain useful information and help to contrast it. We divide the regions into different risk categories and discuss anomalies. The worst cases are confined between the Appenine and the Alps mountain ranges but the situation seem to improve closer to the sea. The Veneto region gave the most efficient response so far and some of their resources could be diverted to other regions, in particular more tests to the Lombardia, Liguria, Piemonte, Marche and V. Aosta regions, which seem to be worst affected. We noticed worrying anomalies in the Lazio, Campania and Sicilia regions to be monitored. We stress that the number of fatalities we predicted on March 12 has been confirmed daily by the bulletins. This suggests a change of strategy in order to reduce such number maybe moving the weaker population (and negative to the virus test) to beach resorts, which should be empty presently. The ratio deceased/positives on April 4, 2020 is 5.4% worldwide, 12.3% in Italy, 1.4% in Germany, 2.7% in the USA, 10.3% in the UK and 4.1% in China. Furthermore, these large fluctuations should be investigated starting from the Italian regions, which show similar large fluctuations.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on AlGaP2 by Materials Project

(AlP)(GaP) is Chalcopyrite-like structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P-4m2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ga3+ is bonded to four equivalent P3- atoms to form GaP4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent GaP4 tetrahedra and corners with eight equivalent AlP4 tetrahedra. All Ga–P bond lengths are 2.39 Å. Al3+ is bonded to four equivalent P3- atoms to form AlP4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent AlP4 tetrahedra and corners with eight equivalent GaP4 tetrahedra. All Al–P bond lengths are 2.38 Å. P3- is bonded to two equivalent Ga3+ and two equivalent Al3+ atoms to form corner-sharing PAl2Ga2 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Simulation of Axion-like Particles at DarkQuest

DarkQuest is a collaboration at Fermilab searching for beyond-standard model particles using a fixed target beam dump. The detector features airon target and a 120 GeV proton beam. Planned updates will expand the sensitivity to dark sector particles, such as an axion-like particle (ALP).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Searching for Muon to Electron Transition [Slides]

Summary : Searches for violations of fundamental symmetries and conservation laws - Powerful Probes of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM); Charged Lepton Flavor violation : Mu to E conversion; 4-orders of magnitude improvements in BR; SD process can dominate the conversion process in ALP models; fa > O(100)TeV can be achieved, complementary role.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI1998

Fusion Safety Program Peer Review (August 31 and September 1, 1999) [Slides]

The Fusion Safety Program Peer Review conference, held on August 31 and September 1, 1999, focuses on advancing the understanding and management of radioactive and hazardous materials within deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion machines. The conference aims to investigate the behavior of significant sources of radioactive materials, such as activation products, dust, tritium, and beryllium. Additionally, it seeks to comprehend how various energy sources in fusion facilities—such as magnets, plasma, decay heat, and chemical reactions—can mobilize these materials. A key objective of the conference is to develop integrated, state-of-the-art analytic tools to demonstrate the safety and environmental potential of fusion technology. Furthermore, the conference assesses and evaluates safety and environmental issues associated with emerging fusion concepts, including those in the ARIES, ALPS, APEX, and IFE projects. This comprehensive approach aims to ensure the safe and sustainable advancement of fusion energy.

70 - PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

U.S. Hydropower Relicensing and License Surrender Data and Metadata, 2026

The U.S. Hydropower Relicensing and License Surrender Database (2026) provides a comprehensive, nationwide snapshot (as of December 31, 2025) of hydropower projects across the United States that are undergoing Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) relicensing or license surrender processes. Compiled by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the dataset includes detailed project-level attributes such as geographic location, ownership type, waterway, project type (hydropower or pumped storage), regulatory milestones (e.g., Notice of Intent, application dates, FERC issuance dates), licensing process type (ILP, TLP, ALP), operational characteristics, capacity changes, settlement agreements, construction or turbine‑generator investments, and project status categories spanning relicensing, surrenders, exemptions, and terminations. Together, the relicensing and surrender records offer a detailed view of regulatory trends, infrastructure transitions, dam removals, and economic drivers influencing the evolution of the U.S. hydropower fleet.

Johnson, Megan [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000290141741)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of recalcitrant phosphorus solubilization mechanisms in Trametes gibbosa

Introduction Phosphorus (P) is a crucial growth-limiting nutrient in soil, much of which remains challenging for plants to absorb and use. Unlike chemical phosphate fertilizers, phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) offer a means to address available phosphorus deficiency without causing environmental harm. PSMs possess multiple mechanisms for phosphorus solubilization. Although the phosphorus-solubilizing mechanisms of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) have been well characterized, the mechanisms utilized by phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) remain largely unexplored. Methods This study isolated a PSF strain, Trametes gibbosa T-41, from soil and evaluated its phosphorus solubilizing capacity with organic (calcium phytin; Phytin-P) and inorganic (tricalcium phosphate; Ca-P) phosphorus sources. The phosphorus solubilization, enzyme activity, and organic acid production of T-41 were measured. And the P-solubilizing mechanism conducted by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Results and discussion T-41 exhibited varying phosphorus solubilizing capacity when grown with organic (calcium phytin; Phytin-P) and inorganic (tricalcium phosphate; Ca-P) phosphorus sources (109.80 ± 8.9 mg/L vs. 57.5 ± 7.9 mg/L, p < 0.05). Compared with the Ca-P treatment, T-41 demonstrated a stronger alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production capacity under Phytin-P treatment (34.5 ± 1.2 μmol/L/h vs. 19.8 ± 0.8 μmol/L/h, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the production of oxalic acid, maleic acid, and succinic acid was higher under Phytin-P treatment ( p < 0.05). Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that different phosphorus sources altered metabolic pathways such as galactose metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylic acid metabolism, and ascorbate and aldolate metabolism. Key metabolites like myo-inositol, 2-oxoglutarate, and pyruvate were found to impact the performance of T. gibbosa T-41 differently under the two P sources. Notably, synthesis in Ca-P vs. Pytin-P, T-41 upregulated genes involved in myo-inositol synthesis, potentially enhancing its P-solubilizing ability. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of PSF at the transcriptomic and metabolomic levels, laying a theoretical foundation for the broader application of PSF as bio-phosphorus fertilizers in the future.

Chen, Yulan↗
DOE OSTI2025

Extreme Heating of Minor Ions in Imbalanced Solar-wind Turbulence

Minor ions in the solar corona are heated to extreme temperatures, far in excess of those of the electrons and protons that comprise the bulk of the plasma. These highly nonthermal distributions make minor ions sensitive probes of the collisionless processes that heat the corona and power the solar wind. The recent discovery of the "helicity barrier" offers a mechanism in which imbalanced Alfvénic turbulence in low-β plasmas preferentially heats protons over electrons, generating high-frequency, proton-cyclotron-resonant fluctuations. We use the hybrid-kinetic particle-in-cell code Pegasus++ to drive imbalanced Alfvénic turbulence in a 3D low-β plasma with additional passive ion species, He 2+ and O 5+ . A helicity barrier naturally develops, followed by clear phase-space signatures of oblique proton-cyclotron-wave heating and Landau-resonant heating from the imbalanced Alfvénic fluctuations. The former results in characteristically arced ion velocity distribution functions, whose non-bi-Maxwellian features are shown by linear ALPS calculations to be critical to the heating process. Additional features include a steep transition-range electromagnetic spectrum, proton-cyclotron waves propagating in the direction of the imbalance, significantly enhanced proton-to-electron heating ratios, ion temperatures that are considerably more perpendicular with respect to magnetic field, and extreme heating of heavier species in a manner consistent with mass scalings inferred from spacecraft measurements. None of these features are realized in an otherwise equivalent simulation of balanced turbulence. If seen simultaneously in the fast solar wind, these signatures of the helicity barrier would testify to the necessity of incorporating turbulence imbalance in a complete theory for the evolution of the solar wind.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1973

ERTS data user investigation to develop a multistage forest sampling inventory system

The author has identified the following significant results. A unique digital timber volume estimation system was developed for use with the MSS CCT tapes. The system was tested on a 64-square mile area in Northern California's Trinity Alps. The outcome of a systematic experiment, in which several possible combinations of bands 5 and 7 and a contrast measure were tried, showed that an estimated gain in precision of 50% can be obtained in a multistage sampling design. The difference between bands 5 and 7 proved to be of special importance for the estimation of biomass in the form of timber volume. In addition, an interpretation model for high flight U2 photographs was developed. A maximum multiple correlation coefficient of 0.74 was obtained for the regression model, explaining 55% of the variation in timber volume as estimated from aerial photos and ground measurments. An interpretation model for MSS color composites is in the testing stage.

Langley, P. G.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Evaluation of usefulness of Skylab EREP S-190 and S-192 imagery in multistage forest surveys

The author has identified the following significant results. A unique digital timber volume estimation system with digital data for two ERTS-1 MSS bands was tested. The system was tested on a 64-square mile area in Northern California's Trinity Alps. The outcome of a systematic experiment in which possible combinations of the two bands (MSS 5 and 7) were tried, showed than an estimated gain in precision of 50% can be obtained in a multistage sampling design. Especially the difference between the two bands proved to be of major importance for the estimation of biomass in the form of timber volume. Identical tests as the one performed will be conducted with various S-192 bands when the digital data become available.

Langley, P. G.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Evaluation of usefulness of Skylab EREP S-190 and S-192 imagery in multistage forest surveys

The author has identified the following significant results. The digital timber volume prediction system was tested with another test area in the Trinity Alps. The estimated gain in precision was somewhat lower than the estimate for the first test area (35%). A combined interpretation of the two areas was made, yielding an estimated gain of 44%, with high statistical significance. This interpretation was used to calibrate the system for an interpretation of 43 primary sample units distributed over 1600 square miles. Preliminary results indicate that a gain of 35% can be realized over this large area in northern California.

Langley, P. G.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Preliminary results of ERTS-investigations by W-German investigations

Results are presented of West German investigations into multidisciplinary geoscientific experiments in central Germany and the Alps, and hydrogeological investigations in the Pampa of Argentina based on ERTS-1 data. The main goals of the investigation were achieved. The studies have given a good idea of the possibilities and limitations of ERTS imagery depending on the objectives in question and on the geographical conditions of the areas under investigation. Even in the well known region of central Europe, ERTS has proven its ability of improving present knowledge. In fields such as pollution monitoring and regional planning the satellite techniques should have distinct practical value. For any regional study of less known areas, the value of ERTS imagery can hardly be overestimated.

Muehlfeld, R.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Phase transitions in Group III-V and II-VI semiconductors at high pressure

The structures and transition pressures of Group III-V and II-VI semiconductors and of a pseudobinary system (Ga/x/In/1-x/Sb) have been investigated. Results indicate that GaP, InSb, GaSb, GaAs and possible AlP assume Metallic structures at high pressures; a tetragonal, beta-Sn-like structure is adopted by only InSb and GaSb. The rocksalt phase is preferred in InP, InAs, AlSb, ZnO and ZnS. The model of Van Vechten (1973) gives transition pressures which are in good agreement with measured values, but must be refined to account for the occurrence of the ionic rocksalt structure in some compounds. In addition, discrepancies between the theoretical scaling values for volume changes at the semiconductor-to-metal transitions are observed.

Yu, S. C.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Tectonic stress in the plates

In the present paper, the basic set of global intraplate stress orientation data is plotted and tabulated. Although the global intraplate stress field is complicated, several large-scale patterns can be seen. Much of stable North America is characterized by an E-W to NE-SW trend for the maximum compressive stress. South American lithosphere beneath the Andes, and perhaps farther east in the stable interior, has horizontal compressive stresses trending E-W to NW-SE. Western Europe north of the Alps is characterized by a NW-SE trending maximum horizontal compression, while Asia has the maximum horizontal compressive stress trending more nearly N-S, especially near the Himalayan front.

Richardson, R. M.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Digital mapping of mountain snowcover under European conditions

The author has identified the following significant results. A method for monitoring the snow cover in high mountain terrain such as the Swiss Alps includes the rapid classification of multitemporal data for small watersheds with very high accuracy. In addition to LANDSAT channels 4,5,6 and 7 an artificial channel was created containing the average altitude information of each pixel and allowing a subdivision of the watershed in accordance to the requirements of the runoff model. Even in very small watersheds of about 40 sq km the results achieved from LANDSAT data are at least as accurate as the ones gained from measurements of orthophotographs.

Haefner, H.↗