DOE OSTI · 3683876
Review of Particle Physics
Abstract
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,200 new measurements from 903 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Most of the 118 reviews are updated, including many that are heavily revised.
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Takahashi, F. [Tohoku University, Department of Physics, Sendai, Japan] (ORCID:0000000259892045), Hikasa, K. [Tohoku University, Department of Physics, Sendai, Japan; Division for Interdisciplinary Advanced Research and Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan] (ORCID:0000000291830207), Sumino, Y. [Tohoku University, Department of Physics, Sendai, Japan] (ORCID:0000000319218889), Tanabashi, M. [Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Nagoya University, Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya, Japan] (ORCID:0000000151752040), Tanaka, J. [International Center for Elementary Particle Physics (ICEPP), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan] (ORCID:0000000199945802), Yokoyama, M. [The University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan; The University of Tokyo, Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Kashiwa, Japan] (ORCID:0000000327420251), Agashe, K. [University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, MD, USA], Aielli, G. [Università degli Studi di Roma ”Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy] (ORCID:0000000205738114), Allanach, B. C. [Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK] (ORCID:0000000346356830), Alvarez-Muñiz, J. [Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE) & Dept. Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain] (ORCID:0000000223670803), Amsler, C. [Marietta Blau Institute for Particle Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria] (ORCID:000000027695501X), Antonelli, M. [Lab. Nazionali di Frascati dell’INFN, Frascati, Italy] (ORCID:0000000222935726), Aschenauer, E. C. [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Nuclear and Particle Physics Directorate, Upton, NY, USA] (ORCID:0000000238565475), Asner, D. M. [SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario, Canada] (ORCID:0000000215865790), Assamagan, K. [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Nuclear and Particle Physics Directorate, Upton, NY, USA] (ORCID:0000000248262662), Baer, H. [University of Oklahoma, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Norman, OK, USA] (ORCID:0000000207332644), Banerjee, Sw. [University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA] (ORCID:0000000188522409), Barnett, R. M. [Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA] (ORCID:0000000272109887), Baudis, L. [Universität Zürich, Physik-Institut, Zürich, Switzerland] (ORCID:0000000347101768), Bauer, C. W. [Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA] (ORCID:0000000198205810), Beringer, J. [Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA] (ORCID:0000000299751781), Bettini, A. [INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy] (ORCID:0000000187342369), Biebel, O. [Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Fakultät für Physik, München, Germany] (ORCID:0000000286636856), Black, K. M. [University of Wisconsin, Department of Physics, Madison, WI, USA] (ORCID:0000000173205080), Blucher, E. [University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, Chicago, IL, USA] (ORCID:0000000300746913), Bonventre, R. [Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA] (ORCID:0000000167829727), Briere, R. A. [Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA] (ORCID:0000000152291039), Buckley, A. [University of Glasgow, School of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow, UK] (ORCID:0000000183559237), Burkert, V. D. [Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA, USA] (ORCID:0000000347470838), Bychkov, M. A. [University of Virginia, Department of Physics, Charlottesville, VA, USA] (ORCID:0009000595113271), Cacciapaglia, G. [Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France] (ORCID:0000000234261618), Cahn, R. N. [Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA] (ORCID:0000000327480641), Canelli, F. [Universität Zürich, Physik-Institut, Zürich, Switzerland] (ORCID:0000000163612117), Cao, J. [Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China] (ORCID:0000000235862319), Cao, Z. [Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China] (ORCID:0000000248586130), Carena, M. [University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, Chicago, IL, USA; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA; University of Chicago, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, Chicago, IL, USA], Casarosa, G. [University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy] (ORCID:000000034137938X), Ceccucci, A. [CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Genève, Switzerland] (ORCID:000000029506866X), Cepeda, M. [CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, Spain] (ORCID:0000000260764083), Cerri, A. [INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Dipartimento Scienze fisiche, della Terra e dell’ambiente, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK] (ORCID:0000000219046661), Chivukula, R. S. [Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA] (ORCID:0000000241421077), Cortês, M. [Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal] (ORCID:0000000304853767), Cowan, G. [Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK] (ORCID:0000000183639827), Crede, V. [Florida State University, Department of Physics, Tallahassee, FL, USA] (ORCID:0000000246574945), Cremonesi, O. [INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, Milano, Italy] (ORCID:0000000343741346), D’Ambrosio, G. [INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy] (ORCID:000000025936172X), Damour, T. [Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, Bures-sur-Yvette, France] (ORCID:0000000345196265), Davies, C. T. H. [University of Glasgow, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow, UK] (ORCID:0000000328840514), de Blas, J. [Universidad de Granada, Dpto. de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Granada, Spain] (ORCID:0000000330165327), de Florian, D. [UNSAM - Universidad Nacional de San Martin, International Center for Advanced Studies (ICAS) and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas (ICIFI), Buenos Aires, Argentina] (ORCID:0000000237240695), de Gouvêa, A. [Northwestern University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Evanston, IL, USA], DeGrand, T. [University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Physics, Boulder, CO, USA] (ORCID:0000000228569616), Demiragli, Z. [Boston University, Department of Physics, Boston, MA, USA] (ORCID:000000018521737X), Dittmaier, S. [University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany] (ORCID:0000000324873650), Dobrescu, B. A. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA] (ORCID:0000000342915965), D’Onofrio, M. [University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, UK] (ORCID:0000000324085099), Dorigo, M. [INFN Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy] (ORCID:0000000206816946), Dreiner, H. K. [Universität Bonn, Physikalisches Institut, Bonn, Germany] (ORCID:0000000349631340), Duarte, J. M. [Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA] (ORCID:0000000250767096), Eerola, P. [Research Council of Finland, Helsinki, Finland] (ORCID:0000000232440591), Egede, U. [Monash University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Melbourne, Australia] (ORCID:0000000154930762), El-Khadra, A. X. [University of Illinois, Department of Physics, Urbana, IL, USA] (ORCID:0000000191058213), Ellis, J. [CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Genève, Switzerland; King’s College London, Department of Physics, London, UK] (ORCID:0000000273990813), Eno, S. C. [University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, MD, USA] (ORCID:0000000342822515), Erler, J. [Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany] (ORCID:0000000283116644), Fava, A. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA] (ORCID:0000000184813233), Fetscher, W. [ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Zurich, Switzerland] (ORCID:0000000328577306), Fields, B. D. [University of Illinois, Department of Physics, Urbana, IL, USA; University of Illinois, Department of Astronomy, Urbana, IL, USA] (ORCID:0000000241887141), Freitas, A. [University of Pittsburgh, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA] (ORCID:0000000321376034), Gallagher, H. [Tufts University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Medford, MA, USA], Gasik, P. [GSI, Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; FAIR, Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe, Darmstadt, Germany; Fachbereich Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany] (ORCID:0000000198406460), Gershon, T. [University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, UK] (ORCID:0000000231835065), Gherghetta, T. [University of Minnesota, School of Physics and Astronomy, Minneapolis, MN, USA] (ORCID:0000000284891116), Giovannella, S. [Lab. Nazionali di Frascati dell’INFN, Frascati, Italy] (ORCID:0000000262431215), Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C. [CN Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de ciencias del Cosmos, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain] (ORCID:0000000346818521), Goodman, M. [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA] (ORCID:0000000314391551), Grab, C. [ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Zurich, Switzerland] (ORCID:0000000261823380), Gritsan, A. V. [Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA] (ORCID:0000000235457970), Grojean, C. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany; Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany] (ORCID:0000000271967361), Groom, D. E. [Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA] (ORCID:0000000274752681), Grünewald, M. [University College Dublin, School of Physics, Dublin, Ireland] (ORCID:0000000257540388), Gurtu, A. [CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Genève, Switzerland; TIFR, Mumbai, India] (ORCID:000000027155003X), Gutsche, T. [Universität Tübingen, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Tübingen, Germany] (ORCID:0000000271619498), Haber, H. E. [Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA] (ORCID:0000000173388104), Hamel, M. [Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LIST, F-91120 Palaiseau, France] (ORCID:0000000234993966), Hanhart, C. [Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich, Germany] (ORCID:0000000235092473), Hashimoto, S. [KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan], Hayato, Y. [The University of Tokyo, Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Kashiwa, Japan; Kamioka Observatory, ICRR, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan] (ORCID:0000000286835038), Hebecker, A. [Heidelberg University, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg, Germany] (ORCID:0000000276464237), Heinemeyer, S. [Instituto de Física Teórica (UAM/CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain] (ORCID:0000000268934155), Hernández-Rey, J. J. [IFIC – Instituto de Física Corpuscular, Universitat de València – C.S.I.C., Valencia, Spain] (ORCID:0000000215277200), Hertzog, D. W. [University of Washington, Department of Physics, Seattle, WA, USA] (ORCID:0000000156146824), Hisano, J. [Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Nagoya University, Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya, Japan] (ORCID:0000000209218757), Höcker, A. [CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Genève, Switzerland] (ORCID:0000000265969395), Hoferichter, M. [University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Bern, Switzerland] (ORCID:0000000311139377), Hofmann, W. [Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany] (ORCID:0000000182950648), Holder, J. [University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Newark, DE, USA; University of Delaware, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA], Hsu, L. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA] (ORCID:0000000255916433), Huston, J. [Michigan State University, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, East Lansing, MI, USA], Hyodo, T. [Research Center for Nuclear Physics, The University of Osaka, Osaka, Japan; Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan] (ORCID:0000000241459817). 2026-08-05. Review of Particle Physics. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x26300115
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