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Dark Energy Survey year 6 results: Magnification modeling and its impact on galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing cosmology

Legnani, E. [The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology] (ORCID:0000000170793796)·Elvin-Poole, J. [University of Waterloo]·Anbajagane, D. [University of Chicago]·Sanchez Cid, D. [Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT); University of Zürich]·Ferté, A. [SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory]·Weaverdyck, N. [University of California; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]·Porredon, A. [Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT); Ruhr University Bochum]·Avila, S. [Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)]·Miquel, R. [Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats; The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology]·De Vicente, J. [Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)]·Coloma, J. [Institute of Space Sciences (ICE]·Samuroff, S. [Northeastern University; The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology]·d’Assignies, W. [The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology]·Alarcon, A. [Institute of Space Sciences (ICE]·Sánchez, C. [Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology]·Muir, J. [University of Cincinnati; Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics]·Prat, J. [University of Chicago; KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University]·MacCrann, N. [University of Cambridge]·Bacon, D. [University of Portsmouth]·Troxel, M. A. [Duke University Durham]·Chang, C. [University of Chicago; University of Chicago]·Crocce, M. [Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC); Institute of Space Sciences (ICE]·Becker, M. R. [Argonne National Laboratory]·Blazek, J. [Northeastern University]·Yamamoto, M. [Princeton University; Duke University Durham]·Schutt, T. [Stanford University; Stanford University; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory]·Rodriguez-Monroy, M. [Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Laboratoire de physique des 2 infinis Irène Joliot-Curie]·Giannini, G. [Institute of Space Sciences (ICE; University of Chicago]·Yin, B. [Duke University Durham]·Amon, A. [Princeton University]·Bechtol, K. [University of Wisconsin-Madison]·Sevilla-Noarbe, I. [Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)]·Abbott, T. M. C. [NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory]·Aguena, M. [INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste; Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA]·Allam, S. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory]·Alves, O. [University of Michigan]·Andrade-Oliveira, F. [University of Zürich]·Bernstein, G. M. [University of Pennsylvania]·Bocquet, S. [University Observatory]·Brooks, D. [University College London]·Camilleri, R. [University of Queensland]·Carnero Rosell, A. [Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA; Universidad de La Laguna]·Carretero, J. [The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology]·da Costa, L. N. [Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA]·da Silva Pereira, M. E. [Universität Hamburg]·Davis, T. M. [University of Queensland]·Desai, S. [IIT Hyderabad]·Dodelson, S. [University of Chicago; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; University of Chicago]·Doel, P. [University College London]·Doux, C. [University of Pennsylvania; Université Grenoble Alpes]·García-Bellido, J. [Universidad Autonoma de Madrid]·Gruen, D. [University Observatory]·Gutierrez, G. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory]·Hinton, S. R. [University of Queensland]·Hollowood, D. L. [Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics]·Honscheid, K. [The Ohio State University; The Ohio State University]·Huterer, D. [University of Michigan]·James, D. J. [Center for Astrophysics | Harvard and Smithsonian]·Kuehn, K. [Macquarie University; Lowell Observatory]·Lahav, O. [University College London]·Lee, S. [California Institute of Technology; Ohio University]·Marshall, J. L. [Texas A and M University]·Mena-Fernández, J. [Université Grenoble Alpes]·Menanteau, F. [National Center for Supercomputing Applications; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]·Mohr, J. J. [University Observatory]·Myles, J. [Princeton University]·Ogando, R. L. C. [Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer; Observatório Nacional]·Paterno, M. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory]·Plazas Malagón, A. A. [Stanford University; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory]·Rosenfeld, R. [Universidade Estadual Paulista; Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA]·Sanchez, E. [Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)]·Smith, M. [Lancaster University]·Soares-Santos, M. [University of Zürich]·Suchyta, E. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory]·Vikram, V. [University of Pennsylvania]
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Abstract

Gravitational lensing magnification alters the observed spatial distribution of galaxies and must be accounted for to prevent biases in cosmological probes of the large-scale structure. We investigate its effects on the Dark Energy Survey Year 6 galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing analyses using the fiducial lens (position tracer) sample M ag L im++. Magnification bias is parameterized by a coefficient that describes the response of the number of selected objects per unlensed area element to a change in the lensing convergence. We quantify this coefficient using the BALROG synthetic source injection catalog to account for the complexity of the selection function, and compare these results with simplified estimates. The resulting values of the magnification coefficients for each redshift bin are [3.16 ± 0.08, 2.76 ± 0.21, 4.09 ± 0.15, 4.42 ± 0.16, 4.90 ± 0.29, 4.83 ± 0.25]. Relative to Year 3, this analysis provides more precise and accurate magnification bias estimates through a larger BALROG area and reweighting to better match the data properties. Here, the cosmological results are robust when tested against various magnification parameter prior choices and also when adding cross-clustering between lens redshift bins. Neglecting magnification, however, introduces significant systematic shifts: relative to the fiducial analysis with Gaussian priors centered on the BALROG -derived estimates, we observe shifts of 1.37σ in S 8 and -0.84σ in Ω m (with cosmic shear included: -0.61σ in S 8 and -0.71σ in Ω m ), in agreement with findings from simulated data, demonstrating that magnification must be modeled to avoid biases. Freeing the magnification bias in lens bin 2 leads to unphysical negative values, further justifying its exclusion from the fiducial Year 6 analysis.

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Legnani, E. [The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology] (ORCID:0000000170793796), Elvin-Poole, J. [University of Waterloo], Anbajagane, D. [University of Chicago], Sanchez Cid, D. [Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT); University of Zürich], Ferté, A. [SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory], Weaverdyck, N. [University of California; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory], Porredon, A. [Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT); Ruhr University Bochum], Avila, S. [Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)], Miquel, R. [Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats; The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology], De Vicente, J. [Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)], Coloma, J. [Institute of Space Sciences (ICE], Samuroff, S. [Northeastern University; The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology], d’Assignies, W. [The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology], Alarcon, A. [Institute of Space Sciences (ICE], Sánchez, C. [Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology], Muir, J. [University of Cincinnati; Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics], Prat, J. [University of Chicago; KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University], MacCrann, N. [University of Cambridge], Bacon, D. [University of Portsmouth], Troxel, M. A. [Duke University Durham], Chang, C. [University of Chicago; University of Chicago], Crocce, M. [Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC); Institute of Space Sciences (ICE], Becker, M. R. [Argonne National Laboratory], Blazek, J. [Northeastern University], Yamamoto, M. [Princeton University; Duke University Durham], Schutt, T. [Stanford University; Stanford University; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory], Rodriguez-Monroy, M. [Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Laboratoire de physique des 2 infinis Irène Joliot-Curie], Giannini, G. [Institute of Space Sciences (ICE; University of Chicago], Yin, B. [Duke University Durham], Amon, A. [Princeton University], Bechtol, K. [University of Wisconsin-Madison], Sevilla-Noarbe, I. [Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)], Abbott, T. M. C. [NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory], Aguena, M. [INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste; Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA], Allam, S. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory], Alves, O. [University of Michigan], Andrade-Oliveira, F. [University of Zürich], Bernstein, G. M. [University of Pennsylvania], Bocquet, S. [University Observatory], Brooks, D. [University College London], Camilleri, R. [University of Queensland], Carnero Rosell, A. [Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA; Universidad de La Laguna], Carretero, J. [The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology], da Costa, L. N. [Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA], da Silva Pereira, M. E. [Universität Hamburg], Davis, T. M. [University of Queensland], Desai, S. [IIT Hyderabad], Dodelson, S. [University of Chicago; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory; University of Chicago], Doel, P. [University College London], Doux, C. [University of Pennsylvania; Université Grenoble Alpes], García-Bellido, J. [Universidad Autonoma de Madrid], Gruen, D. [University Observatory], Gutierrez, G. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory], Hinton, S. R. [University of Queensland], Hollowood, D. L. [Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics], Honscheid, K. [The Ohio State University; The Ohio State University], Huterer, D. [University of Michigan], James, D. J. [Center for Astrophysics | Harvard and Smithsonian], Kuehn, K. [Macquarie University; Lowell Observatory], Lahav, O. [University College London], Lee, S. [California Institute of Technology; Ohio University], Marshall, J. L. [Texas A and M University], Mena-Fernández, J. [Université Grenoble Alpes], Menanteau, F. [National Center for Supercomputing Applications; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign], Mohr, J. J. [University Observatory], Myles, J. [Princeton University], Ogando, R. L. C. [Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer; Observatório Nacional], Paterno, M. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory], Plazas Malagón, A. A. [Stanford University; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory], Rosenfeld, R. [Universidade Estadual Paulista; Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA], Sanchez, E. [Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)], Smith, M. [Lancaster University], Soares-Santos, M. [University of Zürich], Suchyta, E. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory], Vikram, V. [University of Pennsylvania]. 2026-06-11. Dark Energy Survey year 6 results: Magnification modeling and its impact on galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing cosmology. https://doi.org/10.1103/rpdb-7zyn

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