DOE OSTI · 3377096
The SPT-deep Cluster Catalog: Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Selected Clusters from Combined SPT-3G and SPTpol Measurements over 100 Square Degrees
Abstract
We present a catalog of 500 galaxy cluster candidates in the SPT-Deep field: a 100 deg$^{2}$ field that combines data from the SPT-3G and SPTpol surveys to reach noise levels of 3.0, 2.2, and 9.0 μK-arcmin at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, respectively. Candidates are selected via the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect with a minimum significance of ξ = 4.0, resulting in a catalog of purity ∼89%. Optical data from the Dark Energy Survey and infrared data from the Spitzer Space Telescope are used to confirm 442 cluster candidates. The clusters span 0.12 < z ≲ 1.8 and 1.0 × 10$^{14}$M$_{⊙}$/h$_{70}$ < M$_{500c}$ < 8.7 × 10$^{14}$M$_{⊙}$/h$_{70}$. The sample’s median redshift is 0.74, and the median mass is 1.7 × 10$^{14}$M$_{⊙}$/h$_{70}$; these are the lowest median mass and highest median redshift of any SZ-selected sample to date. We assess the effect of infrared emission from cluster member galaxies on cluster selection by performing a joint fit to the infrared dust and tSZ signals by combining measurements from SPT and overlapping submillimeter data from Herschel/SPIRE. We find that at high redshift (z > 1), the tSZ signal is reduced by $17.9_{−3.2}^{+3.8}$%$(3.8_{−0.7}^{+0.9}$%$)$ at 150 GHz (95 GHz) due to dust contamination. We repeat our cluster finding method on dust-nulled SPT maps and find the resulting catalog is consistent with the nominal SPT-Deep catalog, suggesting dust contamination does not significantly impact the SPT-Deep selection function; we attribute this lack of bias to the inclusion of the SPT 220 GHz band.
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Kornoelje, K. [University of Chicago; University of Chicago; High-Energy Physics Division] (ORCID:0000000266334519), Bleem, L. E. [University of Chicago; University of Chicago; High-Energy Physics Division] (ORCID:0000000176655079), Rykoff, E. S. [Stanford University] (ORCID:0000000193763135), Abbott, T. M. C. [Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory], Ade, P. A. R. [Cardiff University], Aguena, M. [Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA], Alves, O. [University of Michigan], Anderson, A. J. [University of Chicago; University of Chicago; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory] (ORCID:0000000244354623), Andrade-Oliveira, F. [University of Michigan], Ansarinejad, B. [University of Melbourne], Archipley, M. [University of Chicago; University of Chicago] (ORCID:0000000205179842), Ashby, M. L. N. [Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian] (ORCID:0000000239930745), Austermann, J. E. [NIST Quantum Devices Group; University of Colorado], Bacon, D. [University of Portsmouth], Balkenhol, L. [Sorbonne Université] (ORCID:0000000168991873), Bayliss, Matthew B. [University of Cincinnati], Beall, J. A. [NIST Quantum Devices Group], Benabed, K. [Sorbonne Université], Bender, A. N. [University of Chicago; University of Chicago; High-Energy Physics Division] (ORCID:0000000158680748), Benson, B. A. [University of Chicago; University of Chicago; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory] (ORCID:0000000251086823), Bianchini, F. [University of Melbourne] (ORCID:0000000348473483), Bocquet, S. [University Observatory], Bouchet, F. R. [Sorbonne Université] (ORCID:0000000280512924), Brooks, D. [University College London], Burke, D. L. [Stanford University; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory], Calzadilla, M. [Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian] (ORCID:0000000222382105), Campitiello, M. G. [High-Energy Physics Division] (ORCID:0000000155813349), Camphuis, E. [Sorbonne Université] (ORCID:0000000334838461), Carlstrom, J. E. [University of Chicago; University of Chicago; High-Energy Physics Division; University of Chicago; University of Chicago], Carnero Rosell, A. [Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Universidad de La Laguna], Carretero, J. [Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)], Chang, C. L. [University of Chicago; University of Chicago; High-Energy Physics Division], Chaubal, P. [University of Melbourne], Chiang, H. C. [McGill University; University of KwaZulu-Natal], Chichura, P. M. [University of Chicago; University of Chicago] (ORCID:0000000253979035), Chokshi, A. [University of Chicago], Chou, T.-L. [University of Chicago; University of Chicago] (ORCID:0000000230918790), Citron, R. [University of Chicago], Coerver, A. [University of California], Moran, C. Corbett [Jet Propulsion Laboratory], Costanzi, M. [University of Trieste; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste; Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe], Crawford, T. M. [University of Chicago; University of Chicago] (ORCID:0000000190005013), Crites, A. T. [University of Chicago; University of Chicago; University of Toronto; University of Toronto], da Costa, L. N. [Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA], Daley, C. [Université Paris-Saclay; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign] (ORCID:0000000237602086), de Haan, T. [University of California; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory], De Vicente, J. [Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas], Desai, S. [IIT Hyderabad], Dibert, K. R. [University of Chicago; University of Chicago], Dobbs, M. A. [McGill University; CIFAR Program in Gravity and the Extreme Universe], Doel, P. [University College London], Doohan, M. [University of Melbourne], Doussot, A. [Sorbonne Université], Dutcher, D. [Princeton University] (ORCID:0000000299622058), Everett, W. [University of Colorado], Everett, S. [California Institute of Technology], Feng, C. [University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign], Ferguson, K. R. [University of California; Michigan State University] (ORCID:0000000249288813), Mena-Fern’andez, J. [LPSC Grenoble—53], Ferrero, I. [University of Oslo. P.O. Box 1029 Blindern], Fichman, K. [University of Chicago; University of Chicago], Flaugher, B. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory], Floyd, B. [University of Portsmouth; University of Missouri–Kansas City] (ORCID:000000034175571X), Foster, A. [Princeton University] (ORCID:0000000271451824), Friedel, D. [National Center for Supercomputing Applications], Frieman, J. [University of Chicago; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory], Galli, S. [Sorbonne Université], Gallicchio, J. [University of Chicago; Harvey Mudd College], Gambrel, A. E. [University of Chicago], García-Bellido, J. [Universidad Autonoma de Madrid], Gardner, R. W. [University of Chicago], Gassis, R. [University of Cincinnati], Gatti, M. [University of Pennsylvania], Ge, F. [University of California], George, E. M. [University of California; European Southern Observatory], Giannini, G. [University of Chicago; Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)], Goeckner-Wald, N. [Stanford University; Stanford University], Grandis, S. [Universität Innsbruck], Gruen, D. [University Observatory], Gruendl, R. A. [University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; National Center for Supercomputing Applications], Gualtieri, R. [Northwestern University] (ORCID:0000000342452315), Guidi, F. [Sorbonne Université], Guns, S. [University of California], Gupta, N. [University of Melbourne] (ORCID:0000000176529451), Gutierrez, G. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory], Halverson, N. W. [University of Colorado; University of Colorado], Hinton, S. R. [University of Queensland], Hivon, E. [Sorbonne Université], Holder, G. P. [University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; CIFAR Program in Gravity and the Extreme Universe; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign] (ORCID:0000000204636394), Hollowood, D. L. [Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics], Holzapfel, W. L. [University of California], Honscheid, K. [The Ohio State University; The Ohio State University], Hood, J. C. [University of Chicago], Hrubes, J. D. [University of Chicago], Hryciuk, A. [University of Chicago; University of Chicago], Huang, N. [University of California], Hubmayr, J. [NIST Quantum Devices Group], Irwin, K. D. [SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Stanford University], James, D. J. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics], Kéruzoré, F. [High-Energy Physics Division] (ORCID:0000000296055588). 2026-06-04. The SPT-deep Cluster Catalog: Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Selected Clusters from Combined SPT-3G and SPTpol Measurements over 100 Square Degrees. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae5f7b
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