DOE OSTI · 3374586
Structural differences between human and mouse neurons and their implementation in generative AIs
Abstract
Mouse and human brains have different functions that depend on their neuronal networks. We analyzed nanometer-scale three-dimensional structures of brain tissues of the mouse medial prefrontal cortex and compared them with structures of the human anterior cingulate cortex. The obtained results indicated that mouse neuronal somata are smaller and neurites are thinner than those of human neurons. We implemented these characteristics of mouse neurons in convolutional layers of a generative adversarial network (GAN) and a denoising diffusion implicit model (DDIM), which were then subjected to image generation tasks using photo datasets of cat faces, cheese, human faces, birds, and automobiles. The mouse-mimetic GAN outperformed a standard GAN in the image generation task using the cat faces and cheese photo datasets, but underperformed for human faces and birds. The mouse-mimetic DDIM gave similar results, suggesting that the nature of the datasets affected the results. Analyses of the five datasets indicated differences in their image entropy, which should influence the number of parameters required for image generation. The preferences of the mouse-mimetic AIs coincided with the impressions commonly associated with mice. The relationship between the neuronal network and brain function should be investigated by implementing other biological findings in artificial neural networks.
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Saiga, Rino [Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa (Japan)], Shiga, Kaede [Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa (Japan)], Maruta, Yo [Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa (Japan)], Inomoto, Chie [Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa (Japan)], Kajiwara, Hiroshi [Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa (Japan)], Nakamura, Naoya [Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa (Japan)], Kakimoto, Yu [Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa (Japan)], Yamamoto, Yoshiro [Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa (Japan)], Yasutake, Masahiro [SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo (Japan)], Uesugi, Masayuki [SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo (Japan)], Takeuchi, Akihisa [SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo (Japan)], Uesugi, Kentaro [SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo (Japan)], Terada, Yasuko [SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo (Japan)], Suzuki, Yoshio [National Laboratory for High Energy Physics (KEK), Tsukuba (Japan)], Nikitin, Viktor [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)], De Andrade, Vincent [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)], De Carlo, Francesco [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)], Yamashita, Yuichi [National Institute of Mental Health, Kodaira, Tokyo (Japan). National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP)], Itokawa, Masanari [Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya (Japan); Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Setagaya, Tokyo (Japan)], Ide, Soichiro [Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya (Japan)], Ikeda, Kazutaka [Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya (Japan); National Institute of Mental Health, Kodaira, Tokyo (Japan). National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP)], Mizutani, Ryuta [Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa (Japan); RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo (Japan)]. 2025-07-11. Structural differences between human and mouse neurons and their implementation in generative AIs. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10912-3
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