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DOE OSTI · 3363020

Dynamic magneto-chiral instability in photoexcited tellurium

Huang, Yijing [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000254537722)·Abboud, Nick [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000326629408)·Lv, Yinchuan [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)]·Zhu, Penghao [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States); The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)] (ORCID:0000000340782310)·Murzabekova, Azel [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)]·Lee, Changjun [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)]·Pappas, Emma A. [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0009000324303460)·Petruzzi, Dominic [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)]·Yan, Jason Y. [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0009000117093878)·Chaudhuri, Dipanjan [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000260324192)·Abbamonte, Peter [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000311091510)·Shoemaker, Daniel P. [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000336507551)·Fernandes, Rafael M. [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000235845180)·Noronha, Jorge [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000298170272)·Mahmood, Fahad [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000296413453)
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Abstract

In systems of charged chiral fermions out of equilibrium, an electric current parallel to a magnetic field can generate a dynamic instability that amplifies electromagnetic waves. Whether this mechanism also operates in chiral solid-state systems has remained uncertain. Here we observe signatures of a dynamic magneto-chiral instability in elemental tellurium, a structurally chiral crystal, using time-domain terahertz emission spectroscopy. Under transient photoexcitation in a moderate magnetic field, we observe terahertz radiation with coherent modes that grow in amplitude over time. We present a theoretical model that describes this behaviour based on a dynamic instability of electromagnetic waves interacting with infrared-active oscillators of acceptor states in tellurium, giving rise to an amplifying polariton. These results demonstrate that magneto-chiral instabilities can emerge in solid-state systems and establish a mechanism for terahertz-wave amplification in chiral materials.

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Huang, Yijing [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000254537722), Abboud, Nick [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000326629408), Lv, Yinchuan [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)], Zhu, Penghao [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States); The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)] (ORCID:0000000340782310), Murzabekova, Azel [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)], Lee, Changjun [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)], Pappas, Emma A. [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0009000324303460), Petruzzi, Dominic [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)], Yan, Jason Y. [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0009000117093878), Chaudhuri, Dipanjan [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000260324192), Abbamonte, Peter [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000311091510), Shoemaker, Daniel P. [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000336507551), Fernandes, Rafael M. [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000235845180), Noronha, Jorge [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000298170272), Mahmood, Fahad [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000296413453). 2026-01-09. Dynamic magneto-chiral instability in photoexcited tellurium. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03145-8

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