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Data for A Generalized Platform for Artificial Intelligence-powered Autonomous Protein Engineering

Singh, Nilmani [Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA] (ORCID:0000000236847022)·Lane, Stephan [Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; NSF Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA] (ORCID:0000000180411579)·Yu, Tianhao [Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; NSF Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA]·Lu, Jingxia [Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA] (ORCID:0000000286358753)·Ramos, Adrianna [Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA]·Cui, Haiyang (Ocean) [NSF Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA] (ORCID:0000000183600447)·Zhao, Huimin [Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; NSF Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA] (ORCID:0000000290696739)
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Abstract

Proteins are the molecular machines of life with numerous applications in energy, health, and sustainability. However, engineering proteins with desired functions for practical applications remains slow, expensive, and specialist-dependent. Here we report a generally applicable platform for autonomous enzyme engineering that integrates machine learning and large language models with biofoundry automation to eliminate the need for human intervention, judgement, and domain expertise. Requiring only an input protein sequence and a quantifiable way to measure fitness, this automated platform can be applied to engineer a wide array of proteins. As a proof of concept, we engineer Arabidopsis thaliana halide methyltransferase (AtHMT) for a 90-foldimprovement in substrate preference and 16-fold improvement in ethyl-transferase activity, along with developing a Yersinia mollaretii phytase (YmPhytase) variant with 26-fold improvement in activity at neutral pH. This is accomplished in four rounds over 4 weeks, while requiring construction and characterization of fewer than 500 variants for each enzyme. This platform for autonomous experimentation paves the way for rapid advancements across diverse industries, from medicine and biotechnology to renewable energy and sustainable chemistry.

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Singh, Nilmani [Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA] (ORCID:0000000236847022), Lane, Stephan [Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; NSF Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA] (ORCID:0000000180411579), Yu, Tianhao [Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; NSF Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA], Lu, Jingxia [Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA] (ORCID:0000000286358753), Ramos, Adrianna [Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA], Cui, Haiyang (Ocean) [NSF Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA] (ORCID:0000000183600447), Zhao, Huimin [Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA; NSF Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA] (ORCID:0000000290696739). 2026-04-15. Data for A Generalized Platform for Artificial Intelligence-powered Autonomous Protein Engineering. https://doi.org/10.13012/b2idb-2137211_v1

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