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The MUSE beamline calorimeter

Lin, W. [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000313605335)·Rostomyan, T. [Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland)] (ORCID:0000000234031628)·Gilman, R. [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000271062845)·Strauch, S. [Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States)] (ORCID:0000000185581884)·Meier, C. [Univ. of Basel (Switzerland)]·Nestler, C. [Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland); Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich (Switzerland)] (ORCID:0009000420287050)·Ali, M. [New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000314877615)·Atac, H. [Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000289455305)·Bernauer, J. C. [Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)] (ORCID:0000000199562115)·Briscoe, W. J. [George Washington Univ., Washington, DC (United States)]·Ndukwe, A. Christopher [Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United States)] (ORCID:000000016689595X)·Cline, E. W. [Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000191303856)·Deiters, K. [Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland)]·Dogra, S. [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)]·Downie, E. J. [George Washington Univ., Washington, DC (United States)] (ORCID:000000015209000X)·Duan, Z. [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0009000865307675)·Fernando, I. P. [Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000275707778)·Flannery, A. [Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States)] (ORCID:0009000800056879)·Ghosal, D. [Univ. of Basel (Switzerland)]·Golossanov, A. [George Washington Univ., Washington, DC (United States)]·Guo, J. [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)]·Ifat, N. S. [Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)]·Ilieva, Y.·Kohl, M. [Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States)]·Lavrukhin, I. [George Washington Univ., Washington, DC (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)] (ORCID:0000000314024794)·Li, L. [Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States)]·Lorenzon, W. [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)] (ORCID:0000000306578463)·Mohanmurthy, P. [Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000275737010)·Nazeer, S. J. [Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United States)] (ORCID:000000019136187X)·Nicol, M. [Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States)] (ORCID:0000000151619549)·Patel, T. [Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United States)]·Prosnyakov, A. [Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel)] (ORCID:0000000273479126)·Ransome, R. D. [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000282906417)·Ratvasky, R. [George Washington Univ., Washington, DC (United States)]·Reid, H. [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)] (ORCID:0000000269368423)·Reimer, P. E. [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)] (ORCID:0000000203012176)·Richards, R. [Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000339163221)·Ron, G. [Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel)] (ORCID:0000000281297146)·Ruimi, O. M. [Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel); Johannes Gutenberg Univ., Mainz (Germany); GSI-Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt (Germany)] (ORCID:000000017376670X)·Salamone, K. [Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)] (ORCID:0000000207415108)·Sparveris, N. [Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000262781178)·Wuerfel, N. [Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)]·Yaari, D. A. [Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel)] (ORCID:000900007795218X)
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Abstract

The MUon Scattering Experiment (MUSE) was motivated by the proton radius puzzle arising from the discrepancy between muonic hydrogen spectroscopy and electron–proton measurements. The MUSE physics goals also include testing lepton universality, precisely measuring two-photon exchange contribution, and testing radiative corrections. MUSE addresses these physics goals through simultaneous measurement of high precision cross sections for electron–proton and muon–proton scattering using a mixed-species beam. The experiment will run at both positive and negative beam polarities. Measuring precise cross sections requires understanding both the incident beam energy and the radiative corrections. For this purpose, a lead-glass calorimeter was installed at the end of the beam line in the MUSE detector system. Here, in this article, we discuss the detector specifications, calibration and performance. We demonstrate that the detector performance is well reproduced by simulation, and meets experimental requirements.

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CalorimeterElastic scatteringMUSENuclear charge distributionProton radius

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Lin, W. [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000313605335), Rostomyan, T. [Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland)] (ORCID:0000000234031628), Gilman, R. [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000271062845), Strauch, S. [Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States)] (ORCID:0000000185581884), Meier, C. [Univ. of Basel (Switzerland)], Nestler, C. [Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland); Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich (Switzerland)] (ORCID:0009000420287050), Ali, M. [New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000314877615), Atac, H. [Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000289455305), Bernauer, J. C. [Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)] (ORCID:0000000199562115), Briscoe, W. J. [George Washington Univ., Washington, DC (United States)], Ndukwe, A. Christopher [Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United States)] (ORCID:000000016689595X), Cline, E. W. [Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000191303856), Deiters, K. [Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland)], Dogra, S. [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)], Downie, E. J. [George Washington Univ., Washington, DC (United States)] (ORCID:000000015209000X), Duan, Z. [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0009000865307675), Fernando, I. P. [Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000275707778), Flannery, A. [Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States)] (ORCID:0009000800056879), Ghosal, D. [Univ. of Basel (Switzerland)], Golossanov, A. [George Washington Univ., Washington, DC (United States)], Guo, J. [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)], Ifat, N. S. [Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)], Ilieva, Y., Kohl, M. [Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States)], Lavrukhin, I. [George Washington Univ., Washington, DC (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)] (ORCID:0000000314024794), Li, L. [Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States)], Lorenzon, W. [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)] (ORCID:0000000306578463), Mohanmurthy, P. [Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000275737010), Nazeer, S. J. [Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United States)] (ORCID:000000019136187X), Nicol, M. [Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States)] (ORCID:0000000151619549), Patel, T. [Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United States)], Prosnyakov, A. [Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel)] (ORCID:0000000273479126), Ransome, R. D. [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000282906417), Ratvasky, R. [George Washington Univ., Washington, DC (United States)], Reid, H. [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)] (ORCID:0000000269368423), Reimer, P. E. [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)] (ORCID:0000000203012176), Richards, R. [Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000339163221), Ron, G. [Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel)] (ORCID:0000000281297146), Ruimi, O. M. [Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel); Johannes Gutenberg Univ., Mainz (Germany); GSI-Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt (Germany)] (ORCID:000000017376670X), Salamone, K. [Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)] (ORCID:0000000207415108), Sparveris, N. [Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000262781178), Wuerfel, N. [Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)], Yaari, D. A. [Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel)] (ORCID:000900007795218X). 2025-07-03. The MUSE beamline calorimeter. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.170754

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