DOE OSTI · 3096212
The NEXT-100 Detector
Abstract
The NEXT collaboration is dedicated to the study of double beta decays of 136 Xe using a high-pressure gas electroluminescent time projection chamber. This advanced technology combines exceptional energy resolution (≤ 1% FWHM at the Q ββ value of the neutrinoless double beta decay) and powerful topological event discrimination. Building on the achievements of the NEXT-White detector, the NEXT-100 detector started taking data at the Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc (LSC) in May of 2024. Designed to operate with xenon gas at 13.5 bar, NEXT-100 consists of a time projection chamber where the energy and the spatial pattern of the ionising particles in the detector are precisely retrieved using two sensor planes (one with photo-multiplier tubes and the other with silicon photo-multipliers). The detector has been operating at stable conditions using argon and xenon gases at ~4 bar and drift fields of 74 V cm –1 and 118 V cm –1 , respectively. Alpha decays from the 222 Rn chain have been used to test and monitor the stability of the detector, showing a constant electron lifetime in the drift volume. In this paper, in addition to reporting the results of the commissioning run, we provide a detailed description of the NEXT-100 detector, describe its assembly, and present the current estimation of the radiopurity budget.
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Adams, C. [Argonne National Laboratory; NVIDIA] (ORCID:0000000213270726), Almazán, H. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre] (ORCID:0000000317722598), Álvarez, V. [Centro Mixto CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València] (ORCID:0000000169388259), Aranburu, A. I. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre] (ORCID:0000000203734662), Arazi, L. [Ben-Gurion University of the Negev] (ORCID:0000000276245827), Arnquist, I. J. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)] (ORCID:0000000256438330), Auria-Luna, F. [Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)] (ORCID:0000000237260493), Ayet, S. [Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC & Universitat de València] (ORCID:0000000200531691), Ayyad, Y. [Instituto Gallego de Física de Altas Energías, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela, Campus sur] (ORCID:0000000186044976), Azevedo, C. D. R. [Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago] (ORCID:0000000200129918), Bailey, K. [Argonne National Laboratory] (ORCID:0000000237735954), Ballester, F. [Centro Mixto CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València] (ORCID:0000000224645116), Barcelon, J. E. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre] (ORCID:0000000182770073), del Barrio-Torregrosa, M. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre; Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)] (ORCID:0009000170366476), Bayo, A. [Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc] (ORCID:0000000264690667), Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre] (ORCID:0000000285664804), Borges, F. I. G. M. [University of Coimbra] (ORCID:000000015790173X), Brodoline, A. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre; Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM), CSIC & Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)] (ORCID:0000000163987576), Byrnes, N. [University of Texas at Arlington], Castillo, A. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre] (ORCID:0009000417000979), Church, E. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)] (ORCID:0000000201555812), Cid, L. [Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc] (ORCID:0000000154268115), Cid, M. [Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC & Universitat de València; Instituto Gallego de Física de Altas Energías, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela, Campus sur] (ORCID:0009000349795668), Cid, X. [Instituto Gallego de Física de Altas Energías, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela, Campus sur] (ORCID:000000020468541X), Conde, C. A. N. [University of Coimbra] (ORCID:0000000213872161), Cortes-Parra, C. [Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC & Universitat de València] (ORCID:000000025785554X), Cossío, F. P. [Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)] (ORCID:0000000245262122), Coupe, R. [Manchester University] (ORCID:0009000724873120), Dey, E. [University of Texas at Arlington] (ORCID:0009000889330933), Dietz, P. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre] (ORCID:0009000218030892), Echeverria, C. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre], Elorza, M. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre; Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)] (ORCID:0009000042196193), Esteve, R. [Centro Mixto CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València] (ORCID:0000000212896938), Felkai, R. [Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Weizmann Institute of Science] (ORCID:0009000796434098), Fernandes, L. M. P. [University of Coimbra, Rua Larga] (ORCID:0000000270618768), Ferrario, P. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre; Ikerbasque (Basque Foundation for Science)] (ORCID:0000000342442483), Foss, F. W. [University of Texas at Arlington] (ORCID:0000000319406580), Freixa, Z. [Ikerbasque (Basque Foundation for Science); Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)] (ORCID:0000000220442725), García-Barrena, J. [Centro Mixto CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València] (ORCID:0009000610538324), Gómez-Cadenas, J. J. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre; Ikerbasque (Basque Foundation for Science)] (ORCID:0000000282247714), Grocott, J. W. R. [Manchester University] (ORCID:0000000317845766), Guenette, R. [Manchester University] (ORCID:0000000339670151), Hauptman, J. [Iowa State University] (ORCID:0000000270850516), Henriques, C. A. O. [University of Coimbra, Rua Larga] (ORCID:000000021218181X), Morata, J. A. Hernando [Instituto Gallego de Física de Altas Energías, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela, Campus sur] (ORCID:0000000286835142), Herrero-Gómez, P. [The Hebrew University of Jerusalem] (ORCID:0000000215177779), Herrero, V. [Centro Mixto CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València] (ORCID:0000000308602789), Carrete, C. Hervés [Instituto Gallego de Física de Altas Energías, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela, Campus sur] (ORCID:0000000231523328), Ifergan, Y. [Ben-Gurion University of the Negev] (ORCID:0000000268768089), Isabel, A. F. B. [University of Coimbra, Rua Larga] (ORCID:0000000180258375), Jones, B. J. P. [University of Texas at Arlington; Manchester University] (ORCID:0000000334008986), Kellerer, F. [Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC & Universitat de València] (ORCID:0000000290545973), Larizgoitia, L. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre; Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)] (ORCID:0000000343565856), Larumbe, A. [Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)] (ORCID:0000000202498899), Lebrun, P. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory] (ORCID:0000000188769217), Lopez, F. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre] (ORCID:0000000327634719), López-March, N. [Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC & Universitat de València] (ORCID:0000000165860675), Madigan, R. [University of Texas at Arlington] (ORCID:000900030256052X), Mano, R. D. P. [University of Coimbra, Rua Larga] (ORCID:0000000329207067), Marauri, A. [Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)] (ORCID:0000000314163268), Marques, A. P. [University of Coimbra] (ORCID:0000000232203035), Martín-Albo, J. [Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC & Universitat de València] (ORCID:0000000273181469), Martínez, A. [Centro Mixto CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València] (ORCID:0000000264492855), Martínez-Lema, G. [Ben-Gurion University of the Negev] (ORCID:0000000217423531), Martínez-Vara, M. [Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC & Universitat de València] (ORCID:0009000549427405), Miller, R. L. [University of Texas at Arlington] (ORCID:0009000848255535), Mistry, K. [University of Texas at Arlington] (ORCID:0000000175337482), Molina-Canteras, J. [Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)] (ORCID:0000000199531132), Monrabal, F. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre; Ikerbasque (Basque Foundation for Science)] (ORCID:0000000240475620), Monteiro, C. M. B. [University of Coimbra, Rua Larga] (ORCID:0000000219122804), Mora, F. J. [Centro Mixto CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València] (ORCID:0000000322819546), Navarro, K. E. [University of Texas at Arlington] (ORCID:0009000909715559), Novella, P. [Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC & Universitat de València] (ORCID:0000000209233172), Nygren, D. R. [University of Texas at Arlington] (ORCID:0000000250798458), Oblak, E. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre] (ORCID:0000000299621151), Osborne, I. [Manchester University] (ORCID:0009000227802399), Palacio, J. [Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc] (ORCID:000000030374100X), Palmeiro, B. [Manchester University] (ORCID:000000015878650X), Para, A. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory], Parmaksiz, I. [University of Texas at Arlington] (ORCID:0009000214783977), Pazos, A. [Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)] (ORCID:0000000260746213), Pelegrin, J. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre] (ORCID:0000000275895940), Maneiro, M. Pérez [Instituto Gallego de Física de Altas Energías, Univ. de Santiago de Compostela, Campus sur] (ORCID:000000015724280X), Querol, M. [Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC & Universitat de València] (ORCID:0009000178133634), Renner, J. [Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC & Universitat de València] (ORCID:0000000318432015), Rivilla, I. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre; Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)] (ORCID:0000000319847183), Rogero, C. [Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM), CSIC & Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)] (ORCID:0000000228128853), Rogers, L. [Argonne National Laboratory] (ORCID:0000000165051157), Romeo, B. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre; University of North Carolina] (ORCID:0000000188964565), Romo-Luque, C. [Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC & Universitat de València; Los Alamos National Laboratory] (ORCID:000000034248056X), Ruiz-Chóliz, E. [Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc] (ORCID:0000000224177121), Saharia, P. [Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC & Universitat de València] (ORCID:0009000673664950), Santos, F. P. [University of Coimbra] (ORCID:0000000202144185), dos Santos, J. M. F. [University of Coimbra, Rua Larga] (ORCID:0000000288416523), Seemann, M. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre; Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)] (ORCID:0009000698137305), Shomroni, I. [The Hebrew University of Jerusalem] (ORCID:0000000299475502), Silva, A. L. M. [Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago] (ORCID:0000000283630109), Silva, P. A. O. C. [University of Coimbra, Rua Larga], Simón, A. [Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC & Universitat de València] (ORCID:0000000158960459), Soleti, S. R. [BERC Basque Excellence Research Centre; Ikerbasque (Basque Foundation for Science)] (ORCID:0000000255261414). 2026-02-05. The NEXT-100 Detector. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc%2Fs10052-025-14951-y
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