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Nuclear cold QCD: Review and future strategy

Arleo, Francois [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris (France). Inst. National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Subatomic Physics and Associated Technologies (Subatech); IMT Atlantique, Nantes (France); Univ. de Nantes (France)] (ORCID:0000000179982796)·Caucal, Paul [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris (France). Inst. National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Subatomic Physics and Associated Technologies (Subatech); IMT Atlantique, Nantes (France); Univ. de Nantes (France)] (ORCID:0000000290331473)·Deshpande, Abhay [Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)]·Durham, John M. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)]·Innocenti, Gian M. [Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)]·Jalilian-Marian, Jamal [City Univ. of New York (CUNY), NY (United States). Baruch College] (ORCID:0000000266612187)·Kusina, Aleksander [Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Krakow (Poland)] (ORCID:0000000240900084)·Liu, Ming X. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000259921221)·Mehtar-Tani, Yacine [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)]·Naïm, Charles-Joseph [Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)] (ORCID:0000000155869027)·Paukkunen, Hannu [Univ. of Jyvaskyla (Finland); Univ. of Helsinki (Finland)] (ORCID:0000000188154255)·Platchkov, Stephane [Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)] (ORCID:0000000324065602)·Salazar, Farid [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000240076136)·Vitev, Ivan [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000151000113)·Vogt, Ramona [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000206331260)
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Abstract

This review examines data from hadron-nucleus collisions, primarily focusing on hard processes like Drell-Yan, heavy flavor, and quarkonium production. It highlights observed modifications of particle yields as functions of momentum and rapidity, aiming to clarify the underlying QCD effects on cold nuclear matter. It outlines strategies for future experiments, including the Electron-Ion Collider, to distinguish between these effects. Key questions address the universality of suppression mechanisms and the role of nonperturbative physics, providing a road map for upcoming measurements of hadrons on nuclei.

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72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDSFOS: Physical sciencesHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)Physics - Physics of elementary particles and fieldsQCD phenomenologynuclear matterparticle productionquantum chromodynamics

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Arleo, Francois [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris (France). Inst. National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Subatomic Physics and Associated Technologies (Subatech); IMT Atlantique, Nantes (France); Univ. de Nantes (France)] (ORCID:0000000179982796), Caucal, Paul [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris (France). Inst. National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Subatomic Physics and Associated Technologies (Subatech); IMT Atlantique, Nantes (France); Univ. de Nantes (France)] (ORCID:0000000290331473), Deshpande, Abhay [Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)], Durham, John M. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)], Innocenti, Gian M. [Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)], Jalilian-Marian, Jamal [City Univ. of New York (CUNY), NY (United States). Baruch College] (ORCID:0000000266612187), Kusina, Aleksander [Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Krakow (Poland)] (ORCID:0000000240900084), Liu, Ming X. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000259921221), Mehtar-Tani, Yacine [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)], Naïm, Charles-Joseph [Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)] (ORCID:0000000155869027), Paukkunen, Hannu [Univ. of Jyvaskyla (Finland); Univ. of Helsinki (Finland)] (ORCID:0000000188154255), Platchkov, Stephane [Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)] (ORCID:0000000324065602), Salazar, Farid [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000240076136), Vitev, Ivan [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000151000113), Vogt, Ramona [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000206331260). 2026-04-03. Nuclear cold QCD: Review and future strategy. https://doi.org/10.1103/4jd1-tgh5

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