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DOE OSTI · 3023225

Galaxy-multiplet clustering from DESI DR2

Wang, Hanyue [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology] (ORCID:0009000930828021)·Eisenstein, Daniel J. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000229293121)·Aguilar, Jessica Nicole [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)]·Ahlen, Steven [Boston Univ., MA (United States)]·Bianchi, Davide [Univ. degli Studi di Milano (Italy); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) (Italy)]·Brooks, David [Univ. College London (United Kingdom)]·Claybaugh, Todd [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)]·de la Macorra, Axel [Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City (Mexico)]·Dey, Arjun [National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), Tucson, AZ (United States)]·Dey, Biprateep [Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada); Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States)]·Doel, Peter [Univ. College London (United Kingdom)]·Ferraro, Simone [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)]·Font-Ribera, Andreu [Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona (Spain). Inst. de Fisica d'Altes Energies (IFAE)] (ORCID:0000000230337312)·Forero-Romero, Jaime E. [Univ. of the Andes (Colombia)] (ORCID:0000000228903725)·Gaztañaga, Enrique [Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Barcelona (Spain); Univ. of Portsmouth (United Kingdom); Institute of Space Sciences, Barcelona (Spain)] (ORCID:0000000196320815)·Gutierrez, Gaston [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)]·Honscheid, Klaus [The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)]·Ishak, Mustapha [Univ. of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX (United States)]·Joyce, Richard [National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), Tucson, AZ (United States)]·Juneau, Stephanie [National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), Tucson, AZ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000200002394)·Kirkby, David [Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States)]·Kisner, Theodore [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)]·Kremin, Anthony [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)]·Lahav, Ofer [Univ. College London (United Kingdom)]·Lamman, Claire [The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)] (ORCID:0000000267319329)·Landriau, Martin [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)]·Manera, Marc [Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona (Spain). Inst. de Fisica d'Altes Energies (IFAE)]·Meisner, Aaron [National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), Tucson, AZ (United States)]·Miquel, Ramon [Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona (Spain). Inst. Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA) and Inst. de Fisica d'Altes Energies (IFAE)]·Mueller, Eva-Maria [Univ. of Sussex, Brighton (United Kingdom)]·Nadathur, Seshadri [Univ. of Portsmouth (United Kingdom)] (ORCID:0000000190703102)·Niz, Gustavo [Univ. of Guanajuato (Mexico); Inst. for Advanced Cosmology (Mexico)]·Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)]·Percival, Will J. [Univ. of Waterloo, ON (Canada); Perimeter Inst. for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON (Canada)] (ORCID:0000000206445727)·Prada, Francisco [Inst. of Astrophysics of Andalusia (Spain)]·Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi [Univ. Politecnica de Catalunya (Spain)] (ORCID:0000000169790125)·Ross, Ashley J. [The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)]·Rossi, Graziano [Sejong Univ., Seoul (Korea, Republic of)]·Sanchez, Eusebio [Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Madrid (Spain)] (ORCID:0000000296468198)·Schlegel, David [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)]·Schubnell, Michael [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)]·Silber, Joseph Harry [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)]·Sprayberry, David [National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), Tucson, AZ (United States)]·Tarlé, Gregory [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)]·Weaver, Benjamin Alan [National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), Tucson, AZ (United States)]·Zhou, Rongpu [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000153814372)·Zou, Hu [Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)]
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Abstract

We present an efficient estimator for higher-order galaxy clustering using small groups of nearby galaxies, or multiplets. Using the Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) sample from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 2, we identify galaxy multiplets as discrete objects and measure their cross-correlations with the general galaxy field. Our results show that the multiplets exhibit stronger clustering bias as they trace more massive dark matter halos than individual galaxies. When comparing the observed clustering statistics with the mock catalogs generated from the N-body simulation AbacusSummit, we find that the mocks underpredict multiplet clustering despite reproducing the galaxy two-point auto-correlation reasonably well. This discrepancy indicates that the standard Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) model is insufficient to describe the properties of galaxy multiplets, revealing the greater constraining power of this higher-order statistic on galaxy-halo connection and the possibility that multiplets are specific to additional assembly bias. We demonstrate that incorporating secondary biases into the HOD model improves agreement with the observed multiplet statistics, specifically by allowing galaxies to preferentially occupy halos in denser environments. Our results highlight the potential of utilizing multiplet clustering, beyond traditional two-point correlation measurements, to break degeneracies in models describing the galaxy-dark matter connection.

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Wang, Hanyue [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology] (ORCID:0009000930828021), Eisenstein, Daniel J. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000229293121), Aguilar, Jessica Nicole [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)], Ahlen, Steven [Boston Univ., MA (United States)], Bianchi, Davide [Univ. degli Studi di Milano (Italy); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) (Italy)], Brooks, David [Univ. College London (United Kingdom)], Claybaugh, Todd [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)], de la Macorra, Axel [Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City (Mexico)], Dey, Arjun [National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), Tucson, AZ (United States)], Dey, Biprateep [Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada); Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States)], Doel, Peter [Univ. College London (United Kingdom)], Ferraro, Simone [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)], Font-Ribera, Andreu [Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona (Spain). Inst. de Fisica d'Altes Energies (IFAE)] (ORCID:0000000230337312), Forero-Romero, Jaime E. [Univ. of the Andes (Colombia)] (ORCID:0000000228903725), Gaztañaga, Enrique [Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Barcelona (Spain); Univ. of Portsmouth (United Kingdom); Institute of Space Sciences, Barcelona (Spain)] (ORCID:0000000196320815), Gutierrez, Gaston [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)], Honscheid, Klaus [The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)], Ishak, Mustapha [Univ. of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX (United States)], Joyce, Richard [National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), Tucson, AZ (United States)], Juneau, Stephanie [National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), Tucson, AZ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000200002394), Kirkby, David [Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States)], Kisner, Theodore [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)], Kremin, Anthony [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)], Lahav, Ofer [Univ. College London (United Kingdom)], Lamman, Claire [The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)] (ORCID:0000000267319329), Landriau, Martin [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)], Manera, Marc [Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona (Spain). Inst. de Fisica d'Altes Energies (IFAE)], Meisner, Aaron [National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), Tucson, AZ (United States)], Miquel, Ramon [Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona (Spain). Inst. Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA) and Inst. de Fisica d'Altes Energies (IFAE)], Mueller, Eva-Maria [Univ. of Sussex, Brighton (United Kingdom)], Nadathur, Seshadri [Univ. of Portsmouth (United Kingdom)] (ORCID:0000000190703102), Niz, Gustavo [Univ. of Guanajuato (Mexico); Inst. for Advanced Cosmology (Mexico)], Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)], Percival, Will J. [Univ. of Waterloo, ON (Canada); Perimeter Inst. for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON (Canada)] (ORCID:0000000206445727), Prada, Francisco [Inst. of Astrophysics of Andalusia (Spain)], Pérez-Ràfols, Ignasi [Univ. Politecnica de Catalunya (Spain)] (ORCID:0000000169790125), Ross, Ashley J. [The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)], Rossi, Graziano [Sejong Univ., Seoul (Korea, Republic of)], Sanchez, Eusebio [Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Madrid (Spain)] (ORCID:0000000296468198), Schlegel, David [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)], Schubnell, Michael [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)], Silber, Joseph Harry [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)], Sprayberry, David [National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), Tucson, AZ (United States)], Tarlé, Gregory [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)], Weaver, Benjamin Alan [National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), Tucson, AZ (United States)], Zhou, Rongpu [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000153814372), Zou, Hu [Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)]. 2025-12-02. Galaxy-multiplet clustering from DESI DR2. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras%2Fstaf2069

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