The DESI Single Fiber Lens Search. I. Four Thousand Spectroscopically Selected Galaxy–Galaxy Gravitational Lens Candidates

Karp, Juliana S. M. [Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); DESI Collaboration. et al.] (ORCID:0000000217288042); Schlegel, David J. (ORCID:0000000250425088); Huang, Xiaosheng (ORCID:0000000181560330); Padmanabhan, Nikhil (ORCID:0000000228858602); Bolton, Adam S. (ORCID:000000029836603X); Storfer, Christopher J. (ORCID:0000000203850014); Aguilar, J. (ORCID:000000030822452X); Ahlen, S. (ORCID:0000000160987247); Bailey, Stephen (ORCID:0000000341626619); Bianchi, D. (ORCID:0000000197120006); Brooks, D. (ORCID:0000000284585047); Castander, F. J. (ORCID:0000000173164573); Claybaugh, T.; Cuceu, A. (ORCID:0000000221690595); de la Macorra, A. (ORCID:0000000217691640); Della Costa, J. (ORCID:0000000309282000); Doel, P. (ORCID:0000000263974457); Font-Ribera, A. (ORCID:0000000230337312); Forero-Romero, J. E. (ORCID:0000000228903725); Gaztañaga, E. (ORCID:0000000196320815); Gontcho A Gontcho, S. (ORCID:000000033142233X); Gutierrez, G. (ORCID:0000000308250517); Honscheid, K. (ORCID:0000000265502023); Ishak, M. (ORCID:000000026024466X); Jimenez, J. (ORCID:0000000185283473); Joyce, R. (ORCID:0000000302015241); Juneau, S. (ORCID:0000000200002394); Kirkby, D. (ORCID:0000000288285463); Kremin, A. (ORCID:0000000163567424); Lamman, C. (ORCID:0000000267319329); Landriau, M. (ORCID:0000000318388528); Le Guillou, L. (ORCID:0000000171788868); Manera, M. (ORCID:0000000349628934); Martini, P. (ORCID:0000000242794182); Meisner, A. (ORCID:0000000211257384); Miquel, R. (ORCID:0000000266104836); Moustakas, J. (ORCID:0000000227334559); Nadathur, S. (ORCID:0000000190703102); Percival, W. J. (ORCID:0000000206445727); Poppett, C. (ORCID:0000000305125489); Prada, F. (ORCID:0000000171458674); Pérez-Ràfols, I. (ORCID:0000000169790125); Rossi, G.; Sanchez, E. (ORCID:0000000296468198); Schubnell, M.; Sprayberry, D. (ORCID:0000000175836441); Tarlé, G. (ORCID:0000000317040781); Weaver, B. A.; Zhou, Rongpu (ORCID:0000000153814372)

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae3f06

DOE OSTI · 3010182

The DESI Single Fiber Lens Search. I. Four Thousand Spectroscopically Selected Galaxy–Galaxy Gravitational Lens Candidates

Karp, Juliana S. M. [Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); DESI Collaboration. et al.] (ORCID:0000000217288042)·Schlegel, David J. (ORCID:0000000250425088)·Huang, Xiaosheng (ORCID:0000000181560330)·Padmanabhan, Nikhil (ORCID:0000000228858602)·Bolton, Adam S. (ORCID:000000029836603X)·Storfer, Christopher J. (ORCID:0000000203850014)·Aguilar, J. (ORCID:000000030822452X)·Ahlen, S. (ORCID:0000000160987247)·Bailey, Stephen (ORCID:0000000341626619)·Bianchi, D. (ORCID:0000000197120006)·Brooks, D. (ORCID:0000000284585047)·Castander, F. J. (ORCID:0000000173164573)·Claybaugh, T.·Cuceu, A. (ORCID:0000000221690595)·de la Macorra, A. (ORCID:0000000217691640)·Della Costa, J. (ORCID:0000000309282000)·Doel, P. (ORCID:0000000263974457)·Font-Ribera, A. (ORCID:0000000230337312)·Forero-Romero, J. E. (ORCID:0000000228903725)·Gaztañaga, E. (ORCID:0000000196320815)·Gontcho A Gontcho, S. (ORCID:000000033142233X)·Gutierrez, G. (ORCID:0000000308250517)·Honscheid, K. (ORCID:0000000265502023)·Ishak, M. (ORCID:000000026024466X)·Jimenez, J. (ORCID:0000000185283473)·Joyce, R. (ORCID:0000000302015241)·Juneau, S. (ORCID:0000000200002394)·Kirkby, D. (ORCID:0000000288285463)·Kremin, A. (ORCID:0000000163567424)·Lamman, C. (ORCID:0000000267319329)·Landriau, M. (ORCID:0000000318388528)·Le Guillou, L. (ORCID:0000000171788868)·Manera, M. (ORCID:0000000349628934)·Martini, P. (ORCID:0000000242794182)·Meisner, A. (ORCID:0000000211257384)·Miquel, R. (ORCID:0000000266104836)·Moustakas, J. (ORCID:0000000227334559)·Nadathur, S. (ORCID:0000000190703102)·Percival, W. J. (ORCID:0000000206445727)·Poppett, C. (ORCID:0000000305125489)·Prada, F. (ORCID:0000000171458674)·Pérez-Ràfols, I. (ORCID:0000000169790125)·Rossi, G.·Sanchez, E. (ORCID:0000000296468198)·Schubnell, M.·Sprayberry, D. (ORCID:0000000175836441)·Tarlé, G. (ORCID:0000000317040781)·Weaver, B. A.·Zhou, Rongpu (ORCID:0000000153814372)

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Abstract

We present 4110 strong gravitational lens candidates, 3887 of which are new discoveries, selected from a sample of 5,837,154 luminous red galaxies (LRGs) observed with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). Candidates are identified via the presence of background ionized oxygen [O II ] nebular emission lines in the foreground LRG spectra, which may originate from the lensing of higher-redshift star-forming galaxies. Using the measured foreground redshift, background redshift, and integrated flux of the background [O II ] doublet, we integrate over impact parameters to compute the probability that each candidate is a lens. We expect 53% of candidates to be true lenses with Einstein radii ranging from 0$^{''}_.$1–4", which can be confirmed with high-resolution imaging. Confirmed strong lenses from this sample will form a valuable cosmological data set, as strong gravitational lensing is the only method to directly measure dark matter halo substructure at cosmological distances. We independently recover the host of the multiply imaged gravitationally lensed type Ia supernova iPTF16geu. Monitoring these lenses for future multiply lensed transients will enable (a) H 0 measurements via time-delay cosmography and (b) substructure measurements via flux ratios.

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Karp, Juliana S. M. [Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); DESI Collaboration. et al.] (ORCID:0000000217288042), Schlegel, David J. (ORCID:0000000250425088), Huang, Xiaosheng (ORCID:0000000181560330), Padmanabhan, Nikhil (ORCID:0000000228858602), Bolton, Adam S. (ORCID:000000029836603X), Storfer, Christopher J. (ORCID:0000000203850014), Aguilar, J. (ORCID:000000030822452X), Ahlen, S. (ORCID:0000000160987247), Bailey, Stephen (ORCID:0000000341626619), Bianchi, D. (ORCID:0000000197120006), Brooks, D. (ORCID:0000000284585047), Castander, F. J. (ORCID:0000000173164573), Claybaugh, T., Cuceu, A. (ORCID:0000000221690595), de la Macorra, A. (ORCID:0000000217691640), Della Costa, J. (ORCID:0000000309282000), Doel, P. (ORCID:0000000263974457), Font-Ribera, A. (ORCID:0000000230337312), Forero-Romero, J. E. (ORCID:0000000228903725), Gaztañaga, E. (ORCID:0000000196320815), Gontcho A Gontcho, S. (ORCID:000000033142233X), Gutierrez, G. (ORCID:0000000308250517), Honscheid, K. (ORCID:0000000265502023), Ishak, M. (ORCID:000000026024466X), Jimenez, J. (ORCID:0000000185283473), Joyce, R. (ORCID:0000000302015241), Juneau, S. (ORCID:0000000200002394), Kirkby, D. (ORCID:0000000288285463), Kremin, A. (ORCID:0000000163567424), Lamman, C. (ORCID:0000000267319329), Landriau, M. (ORCID:0000000318388528), Le Guillou, L. (ORCID:0000000171788868), Manera, M. (ORCID:0000000349628934), Martini, P. (ORCID:0000000242794182), Meisner, A. (ORCID:0000000211257384), Miquel, R. (ORCID:0000000266104836), Moustakas, J. (ORCID:0000000227334559), Nadathur, S. (ORCID:0000000190703102), Percival, W. J. (ORCID:0000000206445727), Poppett, C. (ORCID:0000000305125489), Prada, F. (ORCID:0000000171458674), Pérez-Ràfols, I. (ORCID:0000000169790125), Rossi, G., Sanchez, E. (ORCID:0000000296468198), Schubnell, M., Sprayberry, D. (ORCID:0000000175836441), Tarlé, G. (ORCID:0000000317040781), Weaver, B. A., Zhou, Rongpu (ORCID:0000000153814372). 2026-03-03. The DESI Single Fiber Lens Search. I. Four Thousand Spectroscopically Selected Galaxy–Galaxy Gravitational Lens Candidates. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae3f06

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