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DOE OSTI · 3005597

Waveform modelling for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

Afshordi, Niayesh [Perimeter Inst. for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON (Canada); LISA Consortium Waveform Working Group. et al.]·Akçay, Sarp (ORCID:000000032216421X)·Seoane, Pau Amaro (ORCID:0000000339933249)·Antonelli, Andrea·Aurrekoetxea, Josu C. (ORCID:0000000195845791)·Barack, Leor (ORCID:0000000347429413)·Barausse, Enrico (ORCID:0000000164996263)·Benkel, Robert·Bernard, Laura (ORCID:0000000328561662)·Bernuzzi, Sebastiano·Berti, Emanuele (ORCID:0000000307515130)·Bonetti, Matteo·Bonga, Béatrice (ORCID:0000000258089517)·Bozzola, Gabriele·Brito, Richard (ORCID:0000000278073053)·Buonanno, Alessandra (ORCID:0000000254331409)·Cárdenas-Avendaño, Alejandro (ORCID:0000000195281826)·Casals, Marc (ORCID:0000000289144072)·Chernoff, David F. (ORCID:0000000273941675)·Chua, Alvin J. K. (ORCID:0000000152428269)·Clough, Katy·Colleoni, Marta (ORCID:0000000272149088)·Compère, Geoffrey·Dhesi, Mekhi·Druart, Adrien·Durkan, Leanne (ORCID:0000000185935793)·Faye, Guillaume·Ferguson, Deborah·Field, Scott E. (ORCID:0000000260373277)·Gabella, William E. (ORCID:000000032954512X)·García-Bellido, Juan (ORCID:0000000293708360)·Gracia-Linares, Miguel·Gerosa, Davide (ORCID:0000000209333579)·Green, Stephen R. (ORCID:0000000269876313)·Haney, Maria (ORCID:0000000175543665)·Hannam, Mark·Heffernan, Anna (ORCID:0000000333559671)·Hinderer, Tanja (ORCID:0000000233946105)·Helfer, Thomas (ORCID:0000000168801005)·Hughes, Scott A.·Husa, Sascha (ORCID:0000000204451971)·Isoyama, Soichiro (ORCID:0000000162472642)·Katz, Michael L. (ORCID:0000000276055767)·Kavanagh, Chris (ORCID:0000000228749780)·Khanna, Gaurav·Kidder, Larry E. (ORCID:0000000153927342)·Korol, Valeriya (ORCID:0000000267255935)·Küchler, Lorenzo (ORCID:0000000266091684)·Laguna, Pablo (ORCID:0000000225393897)·Larrouturou, François·Tiec, Alexandre Le·Leather, Benjamin (ORCID:0000000161867271)·Lim, Eugene A. (ORCID:0000000262279540)·Lim, Hyun (ORCID:0000000284359533)·Littenberg, Tyson B.·Long, Oliver (ORCID:0000000238979272)·Lousto, Carlos O. (ORCID:0000000264009640)·Lovelace, Geoffrey (ORCID:0000000270841070)·Lukes-Gerakopoulos, Georgios (ORCID:0000000263333094)·Lynch, Philip (ORCID:0000000340707150)·Macedo, Rodrigo P. (ORCID:0000000329425080)·Markakis, Charalampos·Maggio, Elisa (ORCID:0000000219608185)·Mandel, Ilya·Maselli, Andrea·Mathews, Josh (ORCID:0000000254778470)·Mourier, Pierre (ORCID:0000000180786901)·Neilsen, David·Nagar, Alessandro·Nichols, David A. (ORCID:0000000247589460)·Novák, Jan·Okounkova, Maria·O’Shaughnessy, Richard·Oshita, Naritaka (ORCID:0000000287991382)·O’Toole, Conor·Pan, Zhen·Pani, Paolo (ORCID:0000000344431761)·Pappas, George·Paschalidis, Vasileios (ORCID:0000000280999023)·Pfeiffer, Harald P. (ORCID:000000019288519X)·Pompili, Lorenzo (ORCID:0000000207106778)·Pound, Adam (ORCID:0000000194460638)·Pratten, Geraint (ORCID:0000000349840775)·Rüter, Hannes R. (ORCID:0000000234425360)·Ruiz, Milton (ORCID:0000000275324144)·Sam, Zeyd·Sberna, Laura (ORCID:0000000287519889)·Shapiro, Stuart L.·Shoemaker, Deirdre M. (ORCID:0000000298996357)·Sopuerta, Carlos F. (ORCID:0000000217794447)·Spiers, Andrew (ORCID:0000000302227578)·Sundar, Hari (ORCID:0000000190015107)·Tamanini, Nicola·Thompson, Jonathan E. (ORCID:0000000204195517)·Toubiana, Alexandre·Tsokaros, Antonios (ORCID:0000000322428924)·Upton, Samuel D. (ORCID:0000000329657674)·van de Meent, Maarten (ORCID:0000000202422464)·Vernieri, Daniele (ORCID:0000000343792549)·Wachter, Jeremy M. (ORCID:0000000210702431)
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Abstract

LISA, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, will usher in a new era in gravitational-wave astronomy. As the first anticipated space-based gravitational-wave detector, it will expand our view to the millihertz gravitational-wave sky, where a spectacular variety of interesting new sources abound: from millions of ultra-compact binaries in our Galaxy, to mergers of massive black holes at cosmological distances; from the early inspirals of stellar-mass black holes that will ultimately venture into the ground-based detectors’ view to the death spiral of compact objects into massive black holes, and many sources in between. Central to realising LISA’s discovery potential are waveform models, the theoretical and phenomenological predictions of the pattern of gravitational waves that these sources emit. This White Paper is presented on behalf of the Waveform Working Group for the LISA Consortium. It provides a review of the current state of waveform models for LISA sources, and describes the significant challenges that must yet be overcome.

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72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTINGAstronomical black holesBinary starsGravitational wave detectionGravitational wave sourcesGravitational wavesLISALaser Interferometer Space Antenna

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Afshordi, Niayesh [Perimeter Inst. for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON (Canada); LISA Consortium Waveform Working Group. et al.], Akçay, Sarp (ORCID:000000032216421X), Seoane, Pau Amaro (ORCID:0000000339933249), Antonelli, Andrea, Aurrekoetxea, Josu C. (ORCID:0000000195845791), Barack, Leor (ORCID:0000000347429413), Barausse, Enrico (ORCID:0000000164996263), Benkel, Robert, Bernard, Laura (ORCID:0000000328561662), Bernuzzi, Sebastiano, Berti, Emanuele (ORCID:0000000307515130), Bonetti, Matteo, Bonga, Béatrice (ORCID:0000000258089517), Bozzola, Gabriele, Brito, Richard (ORCID:0000000278073053), Buonanno, Alessandra (ORCID:0000000254331409), Cárdenas-Avendaño, Alejandro (ORCID:0000000195281826), Casals, Marc (ORCID:0000000289144072), Chernoff, David F. (ORCID:0000000273941675), Chua, Alvin J. K. (ORCID:0000000152428269), Clough, Katy, Colleoni, Marta (ORCID:0000000272149088), Compère, Geoffrey, Dhesi, Mekhi, Druart, Adrien, Durkan, Leanne (ORCID:0000000185935793), Faye, Guillaume, Ferguson, Deborah, Field, Scott E. (ORCID:0000000260373277), Gabella, William E. (ORCID:000000032954512X), García-Bellido, Juan (ORCID:0000000293708360), Gracia-Linares, Miguel, Gerosa, Davide (ORCID:0000000209333579), Green, Stephen R. (ORCID:0000000269876313), Haney, Maria (ORCID:0000000175543665), Hannam, Mark, Heffernan, Anna (ORCID:0000000333559671), Hinderer, Tanja (ORCID:0000000233946105), Helfer, Thomas (ORCID:0000000168801005), Hughes, Scott A., Husa, Sascha (ORCID:0000000204451971), Isoyama, Soichiro (ORCID:0000000162472642), Katz, Michael L. (ORCID:0000000276055767), Kavanagh, Chris (ORCID:0000000228749780), Khanna, Gaurav, Kidder, Larry E. (ORCID:0000000153927342), Korol, Valeriya (ORCID:0000000267255935), Küchler, Lorenzo (ORCID:0000000266091684), Laguna, Pablo (ORCID:0000000225393897), Larrouturou, François, Tiec, Alexandre Le, Leather, Benjamin (ORCID:0000000161867271), Lim, Eugene A. (ORCID:0000000262279540), Lim, Hyun (ORCID:0000000284359533), Littenberg, Tyson B., Long, Oliver (ORCID:0000000238979272), Lousto, Carlos O. (ORCID:0000000264009640), Lovelace, Geoffrey (ORCID:0000000270841070), Lukes-Gerakopoulos, Georgios (ORCID:0000000263333094), Lynch, Philip (ORCID:0000000340707150), Macedo, Rodrigo P. (ORCID:0000000329425080), Markakis, Charalampos, Maggio, Elisa (ORCID:0000000219608185), Mandel, Ilya, Maselli, Andrea, Mathews, Josh (ORCID:0000000254778470), Mourier, Pierre (ORCID:0000000180786901), Neilsen, David, Nagar, Alessandro, Nichols, David A. (ORCID:0000000247589460), Novák, Jan, Okounkova, Maria, O’Shaughnessy, Richard, Oshita, Naritaka (ORCID:0000000287991382), O’Toole, Conor, Pan, Zhen, Pani, Paolo (ORCID:0000000344431761), Pappas, George, Paschalidis, Vasileios (ORCID:0000000280999023), Pfeiffer, Harald P. (ORCID:000000019288519X), Pompili, Lorenzo (ORCID:0000000207106778), Pound, Adam (ORCID:0000000194460638), Pratten, Geraint (ORCID:0000000349840775), Rüter, Hannes R. (ORCID:0000000234425360), Ruiz, Milton (ORCID:0000000275324144), Sam, Zeyd, Sberna, Laura (ORCID:0000000287519889), Shapiro, Stuart L., Shoemaker, Deirdre M. (ORCID:0000000298996357), Sopuerta, Carlos F. (ORCID:0000000217794447), Spiers, Andrew (ORCID:0000000302227578), Sundar, Hari (ORCID:0000000190015107), Tamanini, Nicola, Thompson, Jonathan E. (ORCID:0000000204195517), Toubiana, Alexandre, Tsokaros, Antonios (ORCID:0000000322428924), Upton, Samuel D. (ORCID:0000000329657674), van de Meent, Maarten (ORCID:0000000202422464), Vernieri, Daniele (ORCID:0000000343792549), Wachter, Jeremy M. (ORCID:0000000210702431). 2025-10-30. Waveform modelling for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-025-00056-1

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