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DOE OSTI · 2574334

Decision-tree structures utilizing a phase-transition material

Yuan, Yifan [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000338408813)·Li, Zhile [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000200272490)·Sun, Chuanneng [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000175249044)·Patel, Ranjan Kumar [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000257784606)·Zhou, Hua [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)] (ORCID:0000000196428674)·Yu, Haoming [Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)]·Milstein, Aaron D. [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000271865779)·Pompili, Dario [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:000000025365509X)·Ramanathan, Shriram [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)]
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Abstract

The rich internal physics due to competing electronic phases present in phase-transition materials such as VO2 offer the potential for compact building block design for emerging non-von Neumann computing technologies. Here, based on the relaxation dynamics of an insulator-metal phase transition, we demonstrate experimentally a decision-tree classifier embedded within a single volatile resistive switching device. The tree is constructed by the combination of the voltage pulse and relaxation time and can adapt to different tasks. We use machine learning to analyze the relaxation process, enabling a predictive voltage-relaxation time phase diagram for the electrical resistance state. Classification of the etiology of the chronic cough is presented as a proof-of-principle use case. Further, our approach can be generalized to broader classes of solid-state and solid-liquid interfacial systems that demonstrate a variety of phase relaxations.

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

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Yuan, Yifan [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000338408813), Li, Zhile [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000200272490), Sun, Chuanneng [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000175249044), Patel, Ranjan Kumar [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000257784606), Zhou, Hua [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)] (ORCID:0000000196428674), Yu, Haoming [Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)], Milstein, Aaron D. [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000271865779), Pompili, Dario [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)] (ORCID:000000025365509X), Ramanathan, Shriram [Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)]. 2025-06-20. Decision-tree structures utilizing a phase-transition material. https://doi.org/10.1103/h5l5-ltnk

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DOE OSTI2026

Cyclic moisture reactivation of calcium sorbents for long duration thermochemical energy storage

The transition to a flexible and reliable energy infrastructure, using electro-thermal energy generation technologies such as geothermal, concentrated solar power, and nuclear, usually demands simultaneous advancement of thermal energy storage (TES) to support on-demand electricity generation and industrial applications while mitigating the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources and power outages from direct energy generation. Among TES technologies, thermochemical energy storage (TCES) based on calcium looping emerges as a compelling high-power energy storage candidate due to its high reaction enthalpy, compatibility with elevated operating temperatures, and abundance of low-cost materials. However, the long-term durability of calcium-based sorbents for TCES is hindered by surface sintering and particle aggregation, leading to performance degradation over repeated thermal cycles. This study explores a moisture hydration-based strategy to regenerate a degraded calcium sorbent and mitigate performance degradation for long duration TCES. The addition of moisture transforms calcium oxide into calcium hydroxide and produces intercalation water layers, associated with a regenerated surface area and reduced calcium oxide crystallite size. Both these effects are beneficial in restoring the sorbents' reactivity for carbonization. Additionally, an optimized hydration-assisted reactivation protocol balances the recovered energy storage capacity with heating penalty required for moisture removal from hydrated samples, resulting in an enhanced energy storage capacity up to 176% compared to benchmark sorbents that undergo cycling without reactivation after 60 cycles. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of hydration-assisted reactivation to enhance the long-term performance of TCES, providing an effective pathway to advancing electro-thermal storage technologies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗