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DOE OSTI · 2573721

Thoughts on the Kibble–Robinson theory

Keck, Lorenz [National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000220521546)·Arumugam, Kumar [National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)] (ORCID:0000000246200505)·Chao, Leon [National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)] (ORCID:0000000175894019)·Comden, Zane [National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)] (ORCID:0000000193849190)·Seifert, Frank [National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)] (ORCID:0000000249635424)·Newell, David [National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)] (ORCID:0000000226121172)·Haddad, Darine [National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)] (ORCID:0000000297163310)·Schlamminger, Stephan [National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)] (ORCID:0000000292704018)
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Abstract

We revisit the Kibble–Robinson theory, first proposed in 2014 by Kibble and Robinson. This theory significantly simplifies the construction and operation of Kibble balances. We conducted a theoretical investigation of the theory’s assumptions, using a corner cube as the optical target in the interferometer for velocity measurement. We find that it is advantageous to build a mechanism whose output has minimal rotation and horizontal motion. For balances with relative uncertainty targets below $1\times10^{-6}$, the mass pan and the optical target should be suspended from a common gimbal so they have the same vertical velocity and no rotation. In this case, the measurement bias due to Abbe offset is minimized, and the bias due to corner loading is repeatable.

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71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICSKibble balanceKibble–Robinson theoryalignmentmass realization

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Keck, Lorenz [National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000220521546), Arumugam, Kumar [National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)] (ORCID:0000000246200505), Chao, Leon [National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)] (ORCID:0000000175894019), Comden, Zane [National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)] (ORCID:0000000193849190), Seifert, Frank [National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)] (ORCID:0000000249635424), Newell, David [National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)] (ORCID:0000000226121172), Haddad, Darine [National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)] (ORCID:0000000297163310), Schlamminger, Stephan [National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)] (ORCID:0000000292704018). 2025-03-31. Thoughts on the Kibble–Robinson theory. https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575%2Fadc30e

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