Engineering Papers⌕ Search
Home/Archive/DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI · 2572070

Model-free Rayleigh weight from x-ray Thomson scattering measurements

Dornheim, Tobias [Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Görlitz, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000172936615)·Bellenbaum, Hannah M. [Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Görlitz, Germany] (ORCID:0009000665301017)·Bethkenhagen, Mandy [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France); Sorbonne Univ., Paris (France); Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau (France)] (ORCID:0000000218382129)·Hansen, Stephanie B. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000218869770)·Böhme, Maximilian P. [Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Görlitz, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden (Germany); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000302903628)·Döppner, Tilo [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000257037125)·Fletcher, Luke B. [SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000271207194)·Gawne, Thomas [Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Görlitz, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000199983606)·Gericke, Dirk O. [Univ. of Warwick, Coventry (United Kingdom)] (ORCID:0000000167979004)·Hamel, Sebastien [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000342460892)·Kraus, Dominik [Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden (Germany); Univ. of Rostock (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000263504180)·MacDonald, Mike J. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000262956978)·Moldabekov, Zhandos A. [Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Görlitz (Germany); Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000297259208)·Preston, T. R. [European XFEL, Schenefeld (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000312282263)·Redmer, R. [Univ. of Rostock (Germany)] (ORCID:000000033440863X)·Schörner, Maximilian [Univ. of Rostock (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000179258917)·Schwalbe, Sebastian [Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Görlitz (Germany); Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000245610158)·Tolias, Panagiotis [KTH Royal Inst. of Technology, Stockholm (Sweden)] (ORCID:0000000196328104)·Vorberger, Jan [Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000159269192)
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

X-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) has emerged as a powerful tool for the diagnostics of matter under extreme conditions. In principle, it gives one access to important system parameters such as the temperature, density, and ionization state, but the interpretation of the measured XRTS intensity usually relies on theoretical models and approximations. In this context, a key property is given by the Rayleigh weight that describes the electronic localization around the ions. Here, we show that it is possible to extract the Rayleigh weight directly from the experimental data without the need for any model calculations or simulations. As a practical application, we consider an experimental measurement of strongly compressed Be at the National Ignition Facility [Döppner et al., Nature 618, 270–275 (2023)]. We demonstrate that experimental results for the Rayleigh weight open up new avenues for the interpretation of XRTS experiments by matching the measurement with ab initio simulations such as density functional theory or path integral Monte Carlo. Interestingly, this new procedure leads to significantly lower density compared to previously used chemical models.

Explore related subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGYAb-initio methodsThomson scattering

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Dornheim, Tobias [Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Görlitz, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000172936615), Bellenbaum, Hannah M. [Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Görlitz, Germany] (ORCID:0009000665301017), Bethkenhagen, Mandy [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France); Sorbonne Univ., Paris (France); Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau (France)] (ORCID:0000000218382129), Hansen, Stephanie B. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000218869770), Böhme, Maximilian P. [Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Görlitz, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden (Germany); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000302903628), Döppner, Tilo [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000257037125), Fletcher, Luke B. [SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000271207194), Gawne, Thomas [Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Görlitz, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000199983606), Gericke, Dirk O. [Univ. of Warwick, Coventry (United Kingdom)] (ORCID:0000000167979004), Hamel, Sebastien [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000342460892), Kraus, Dominik [Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden (Germany); Univ. of Rostock (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000263504180), MacDonald, Mike J. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000262956978), Moldabekov, Zhandos A. [Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Görlitz (Germany); Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000297259208), Preston, T. R. [European XFEL, Schenefeld (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000312282263), Redmer, R. [Univ. of Rostock (Germany)] (ORCID:000000033440863X), Schörner, Maximilian [Univ. of Rostock (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000179258917), Schwalbe, Sebastian [Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Görlitz (Germany); Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000245610158), Tolias, Panagiotis [KTH Royal Inst. of Technology, Stockholm (Sweden)] (ORCID:0000000196328104), Vorberger, Jan [Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000159269192). 2025-05-23. Model-free Rayleigh weight from x-ray Thomson scattering measurements. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0238630

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related reports

DOE OSTI2026

Fast solvers for tokamak fluid models with PETSc

Multigrid (MG) is widely recognized as a highly effective solver for the model problem, the Laplacian, but textbook MG fails on most problems of interest. MG methods have been applied to complex, real-world applications with careful consideration of the physical model and discretization. In this work we develop the first step in applying MG methods to science and engineering relevant magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) tokamak models in the M3D-C1 (https://m3dc1.pppl.gov) fusion energy science code. The semi-implicit time integrator in M3D-C1 is composed of many linear solves. The implicit advance of the momentum equation is the most challenging and is the focus of this work. The current production solver in M3D-C1 is a block Jacobi (BJ) preconditioner within a Krylov solver, where blocks group degrees of freedom on planes of constant toroidal coordinate. BJ convergence degrades as the number of planes increases due to the spectral properties of the matrix preconditioned with BJ. The partially magnetic field-aligned, regular toroidal grid structure in M3D-C1 is amenable to semi-coarsening geometric MG in the toroidal direction. This paper develops such a solver and demonstrates competitive performance on a runaway electron model of a SPARC (https://cfs.energy/technology/sparc) disruption, and superior robustness on a stellarator model on which the BJ solver fails to converge.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Final Report: A Multi-Channel Fusion Product

The goal of this project was to measure charged fusion products from the d(d,p)t reaction in MAST-U plasmas as a function of time and position with good energy resolution using a system of up to six charged particle detectors. The data from this new diagnostic will make it possible to determine the neutral beam ion density profile as a function of R, z, and t with reduced model dependency and contribute new information to a global analysis of fast ion diagnostic data needed for the determination of the fast ion distribution function (velocity space tomography).

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Unitary Qubit Lattice Algorithms for Plasma Physics

This final technical report summarizes research conducted under DOE Award DE-SC0021653 to develop unitary Quantum Lattice Algorithms for modeling electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering in complex media, including plasmas. The project developed and validated quantum-inspired formulations of Maxwell's equations that preserve unitary evolution and can be evaluated on classical high-performance computing systems while providing a foundation for future quantum-computing implementations. Major accomplishments include the development of two- and three-dimensional algorithms for electromagnetic scattering; scalable, distributed-memory implementations demonstrated on the Perlmutter supercomputer; formulations for nonlinear lossless fluid dynamics and cold, lossless, inhomogeneous magnetized plasmas; and an explicit quantum algorithm for a time-discretized Lorenz model. Simulations reproduced a range of characteristic wave phenomena, including transient effects that are not readily apparent in conventional frequency-domain studies, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach for modeling complex electromagnetic and plasma systems. The work establishes a unified theoretical and computational framework for quantum and quantum-inspired simulation and provides a foundation for future implementation on fault-tolerant quantum systems.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗