DOE OSTI · 2564424
Positive Neutrino Masses with DESI DR2 via Matter Conversion to Dark Energy
Abstract
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a massively parallel spectroscopic survey on the Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak, which has released measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations determined from over 14 million extragalactic targets. We combine DESI Data Release 2 with CMB datasets to search for evidence of matter conversion to dark energy (DE), focusing on a scenario mediated by stellar collapse to cosmologically coupled black holes (CCBHs). In this physical model, which has the same number of free parameters as ΛCDM, DE production is determined by the cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD), allowing for distinct early- and late-time cosmologies. Using two SFRDs to bracket current observations, we find that the CCBH model: accurately recovers the cosmological expansion history, agrees with early-time baryon abundance measured by BBN, reduces tension with the local distance ladder, and relaxes constraints on the summed neutrino mass ∑𝑚 𝜈 . For these SFRDs, we find a peaked positive ∑𝑚 𝜈 < 0.149 eV (95% confidence) and ∑𝑚 𝜈 = 0.106$^{+0.050}_{−0.069}$ eV, respectively, in good agreement with lower limits from neutrino oscillation experiments. A peak in ∑𝑚 𝜈 > 0 results from late-time baryon consumption in the CCBH scenario and is expected to be a general feature of any model that converts sufficient matter to dark energy during and after reionization.
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Ahlen, S. P. [Boston University] (ORCID:0000000160987247), Aviles, A. [Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Instituto Avanzado de Cosmología A. C.] (ORCID:0000000159983986), Cartwright, B. [Arizona State University] (ORCID:0009000366674729), Croker, K. S. [Arizona State University; University of Hawaii at Mānoa] (ORCID:0000000269170214), Elbers, W. [Durham University] (ORCID:0000000222076108), Farrah, D. [University of Hawaii at Mānoa; University of Hawaii] (ORCID:0000000317482010), Fernandez, N. [Rutgers University] (ORCID:000000023573339X), Niz, G. [Universidad de Guanajuato; Instituto Avanzado de Cosmología A. C.] (ORCID:0000000215448946), Rohlf, J. W. [Boston University] (ORCID:0000000164239799), Tarlé, G. [Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA] (ORCID:0000000317040781), Windhorst, R. A. [Arizona State University] (ORCID:0000000181566281), Aguilar, J. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory], Andrade, U. [Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA; Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA] (ORCID:0000000241188236), Bianchi, D. [Università degli Studi di Milano; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera] (ORCID:0000000197120006), Brooks, D. [University College London], Claybaugh, T. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory], de la Macorra, A. [Ciudad Universitaria] (ORCID:0000000217691640), de Mattia, A. [Université Paris-Saclay] (ORCID:0000000309202947), Dey, B. [University of Toronto; University of Pittsburgh] (ORCID:0000000256657912), Doel, P. [University College London], Forero-Romero, J. E. [Universidad de los Andes; Universidad de los Andes] (ORCID:0000000228903725), Gaztañaga, E. [Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC); University of Portsmouth; Institute of Space Sciences], Gontcho, S. Gontcho A. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory] (ORCID:000000033142233X), Gutierrez, G. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory], Huterer, D. [Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA] (ORCID:0000000165580112), Ishak, M. [The University of Texas at Dallas] (ORCID:000000026024466X), Kehoe, R. [Southern Methodist University], Kirkby, D. [University of California] (ORCID:0000000288285463), Kremin, A. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory] (ORCID:0000000163567424), Lahav, O. [University College London], Lamman, C. [Center for Astrophysics|Harvard and Smithsonian] (ORCID:0000000267319329), Landriau, M. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory] (ORCID:0000000318388528), Le Guillou, L. [Sorbonne Université] (ORCID:0000000171788868), Levi, M. E. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory] (ORCID:0000000318871018), Manera, M. [Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology] (ORCID:0000000349628934), Miquel, R. [Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats; Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology], Moustakas, J. [Department of Physics and Astronomy] (ORCID:0000000227334559), Pérez-Ràfols, I. [Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya] (ORCID:0000000169790125), Prada, F. [Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)] (ORCID:0000000171458674), Rossi, G. [Sejong University], Sanchez, E. [CIEMAT] (ORCID:0000000296468198), Schubnell, M. [Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA], Seo, H. [Ohio University] (ORCID:0000000265883508), Silber, J. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory] (ORCID:0000000234610320), Sprayberry, D. [NSF NOIRLab], Walther, M. [Excellence Cluster ORIGINS; University Observatory] (ORCID:0000000217483745), Weaver, B. A. [NSF NOIRLab], Wechsler, R. H. [Stanford University; Stanford University; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory] (ORCID:000000032229011X), Zou, H. [Chinese Academy of Sciences] (ORCID:0000000266843997). 2025-08-21. Positive Neutrino Masses with DESI DR2 via Matter Conversion to Dark Energy. https://doi.org/10.1103/yb2k-kn7h
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