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DESI Strong Lens Foundry. I. HST Observations and Modeling with GIGA-Lens

Huang, Xiaosheng [Univ. of San Francisco, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); DESI Collaboration. et al.] (ORCID:0000000181560330)·Baltasar, Saul (ORCID:0009000346977079)·Ratier-Werbin, N. (ORCID:0009000982060325)·Storfer, C. (ORCID:0000000203850014)·Sheu, William (ORCID:0000000318890227)·Agarwal, S. (ORCID:0000000223504610)·Tamargo-Arizmendi, M. (ORCID:0009000805188045)·Schlegel, D.J. (ORCID:0000000250425088)·Aguilar, J.·Ahlen, S. (ORCID:0000000160987247)·Aldering, G.·Banka, S.·BenZvi, S. (ORCID:0000000155374710)·Bianchi, D. (ORCID:0000000197120006)·Bolton, A. (ORCID:000000029836603X)·Brooks, D. (ORCID:0000000284585047)·Cikota, A. (ORCID:0000000171019831)·Claybaugh, T.·de la Macorra, A. (ORCID:0000000217691640)·Dey, A. (ORCID:0000000249284003)·Doel, P. (ORCID:0000000263974457)·Edelstein, J.·Filipp, A. (ORCID:0000000347013469)·Forero-Romero, J. E. (ORCID:0000000228903725)·Gaztañaga, E.·Gontcho A Gontcho, S. (ORCID:000000033142233X)·Gu, A. (ORCID:0000000327487333)·Gutierrez, G. (ORCID:0000000308250517)·Honscheid, K. (ORCID:0000000265502023)·Jullo, E. (ORCID:000000029253053X)·Juneau, S. (ORCID:0000000200002394)·Kehoe, R. (ORCID:000000027101697X)·Kirkby, D. (ORCID:0000000288285463)·Kisner, T. (ORCID:0000000335107134)·Kremin, A. (ORCID:0000000163567424)·Kwon, K.J. (ORCID:000000019802362X)·Lambert, A.·Landriau, M. (ORCID:0000000318388528)·Lang, D. (ORCID:0000000211720754)·Le Guillou, L. (ORCID:0000000171788868)·Liu, J.·Meisner, A. (ORCID:0000000211257384)·Miquel, R. (ORCID:0000000266104836)·Moustakas, J. (ORCID:0000000227334559)·Myers, A. D.·Perlmutter, Saul (ORCID:0000000244364661)·Pérez-Ràfols, I. (ORCID:0000000169790125)·Prada, F. (ORCID:0000000171458674)·Rossi, G.·Rubin, D. (ORCID:0000000154024647)·Sanchez, E. (ORCID:0000000296468198)·Schubnell, M.·Shu, Y. (ORCID:000000029063698X)·Silver, E. (ORCID:0000000218043960)·Sprayberry, D. (ORCID:0000000175836441)·Suzuki, N. (ORCID:000000017266930X)·Tarlé, G. (ORCID:0000000317040781)·Weaver, B.A.·Zou, H. (ORCID:0000000266843997)
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Abstract

We present the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Strong Lens Foundry. We discovered ∼3500 new strong gravitational lens candidates in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys using residual neural networks (ResNet). We observed a subset (51) of our candidates using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Except for one ambiguous case, we have confirmed 50 of the 51 candidates to be strong lenses. We also briefly describe spectroscopic follow-up observations by DESI and Keck NIRES programs. From this very rich data set, a number of studies will be carried out, including evaluating the quality of the ResNet search candidates and lens modeling. In this paper, we present our initial effort in these directions. In particular, as a demonstration, we present the lens model for DESI-165.4754−06.0423, with imaging data from HST, and lens and source redshifts from DESI and Keck NIRES, respectively. In this effort, we have applied a fully forward-modeling Bayesian approach (GIGA-Lens), using multiple GPUs, to a strong lens with HST data, and achieved statistical convergence.

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Huang, Xiaosheng [Univ. of San Francisco, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); DESI Collaboration. et al.] (ORCID:0000000181560330), Baltasar, Saul (ORCID:0009000346977079), Ratier-Werbin, N. (ORCID:0009000982060325), Storfer, C. (ORCID:0000000203850014), Sheu, William (ORCID:0000000318890227), Agarwal, S. (ORCID:0000000223504610), Tamargo-Arizmendi, M. (ORCID:0009000805188045), Schlegel, D.J. (ORCID:0000000250425088), Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S. (ORCID:0000000160987247), Aldering, G., Banka, S., BenZvi, S. (ORCID:0000000155374710), Bianchi, D. (ORCID:0000000197120006), Bolton, A. (ORCID:000000029836603X), Brooks, D. (ORCID:0000000284585047), Cikota, A. (ORCID:0000000171019831), Claybaugh, T., de la Macorra, A. (ORCID:0000000217691640), Dey, A. (ORCID:0000000249284003), Doel, P. (ORCID:0000000263974457), Edelstein, J., Filipp, A. (ORCID:0000000347013469), Forero-Romero, J. E. (ORCID:0000000228903725), Gaztañaga, E., Gontcho A Gontcho, S. (ORCID:000000033142233X), Gu, A. (ORCID:0000000327487333), Gutierrez, G. (ORCID:0000000308250517), Honscheid, K. (ORCID:0000000265502023), Jullo, E. (ORCID:000000029253053X), Juneau, S. (ORCID:0000000200002394), Kehoe, R. (ORCID:000000027101697X), Kirkby, D. (ORCID:0000000288285463), Kisner, T. (ORCID:0000000335107134), Kremin, A. (ORCID:0000000163567424), Kwon, K.J. (ORCID:000000019802362X), Lambert, A., Landriau, M. (ORCID:0000000318388528), Lang, D. (ORCID:0000000211720754), Le Guillou, L. (ORCID:0000000171788868), Liu, J., Meisner, A. (ORCID:0000000211257384), Miquel, R. (ORCID:0000000266104836), Moustakas, J. (ORCID:0000000227334559), Myers, A. D., Perlmutter, Saul (ORCID:0000000244364661), Pérez-Ràfols, I. (ORCID:0000000169790125), Prada, F. (ORCID:0000000171458674), Rossi, G., Rubin, D. (ORCID:0000000154024647), Sanchez, E. (ORCID:0000000296468198), Schubnell, M., Shu, Y. (ORCID:000000029063698X), Silver, E. (ORCID:0000000218043960), Sprayberry, D. (ORCID:0000000175836441), Suzuki, N. (ORCID:000000017266930X), Tarlé, G. (ORCID:0000000317040781), Weaver, B.A., Zou, H. (ORCID:0000000266843997). 2026-02-03. DESI Strong Lens Foundry. I. HST Observations and Modeling with GIGA-Lens. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357%2Fae22d2

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