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First Measurement of Missing Energy due to Nuclear Effects in Monoenergetic Neutrino Charged-Current Interactions

Marzec, E. [University of Michigan] (ORCID:0000000174207328)ยทAjimura, S. [Osaka University]ยทAntonakis, A. [University of Michigan]ยทBotran, M. [University of Michigan]ยทCheoun, M. K. [Soongsil University]ยทChoi, J. H. [Dongshin University]ยทChoi, J. W. [Chonnam National University]ยทChoi, J. Y. [Chonnam National University]ยทDodo, T. [Tohoku University]ยทFuruta, H. [Tohoku University]ยทGoh, J. H. [Kyung Hee University]ยทHaga, K. [J-PARC Center]ยทHarada, M. [J-PARC Center]ยทHasegawa, S. [Advanced Science Research Center; J-PARC Center]ยทHino, Y. [Tohoku University]ยทHiraiwa, T. [Osaka University]ยทHwang, W. [Kyung Hee University]ยทIida, T. [University of Tsukuba]ยทIwai, E. [University of Michigan]ยทIwata, S. [Kitasato University]ยทJang, H. I. [Seoyeong University]ยทJang, J. S. [Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology]ยทJang, M. C. [Chonnam National University]ยทJeon, H. K. [Sungkyunkwan University]ยทJeon, S. H. [Sungkyunkwan University]ยทJoo, K. K. [Chonnam National University]ยทJung, D. E. [Sungkyunkwan University]ยทKang, S. K. [Seoul National University of Science and Technology]ยทKasugai, Y. [J-PARC Center]ยทKawasaki, T. [Kitasato University]ยทKim, E. J. [Jeonbuk National University]ยทKim, J. Y. [Chonnam National University]ยทKim, E. M. [Chonnam National University]ยทKim, S. Y. [Chonnam National University]ยทKim, W. [Kyungpook National University]ยทKim, S. B. [Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University] (ORCID:0000000214164482)ยทKinoshita, H. [J-PARC Center]ยทKonno, T. [Kitasato University]ยทKuwata, K. [Tohoku University]ยทLee, D. H. [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)]ยทLee, S. [Kyung Hee University]ยทLim, I. T. [Chonnam National University]ยทLittle, C. [University of Michigan] (ORCID:0000000333548825)ยทMaruyama, T. [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)]ยทMasuda, S. [J-PARC Center]ยทMeigo, S. [J-PARC Center]ยทMonjushiro, S. [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)]ยทMoon, D. H. [Chonnam National University]ยทNakano, T. [Osaka University]ยทNiiyama, M. [Kyoto Sangyo University]ยทNishikawa, K. [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)]ยทNoumachi, M. [Osaka University]ยทPac, M. Y. [Dongshin University]ยทPark, B. J. [Kyungpook National University]ยทPark, H. W. [Chonnam National University]ยทPark, J. B. [Soongsil University]ยทPark, J. S. [Kyungpook National University]ยทPark, J. S. [Chonnam National University]ยทPark, R. G. [Chonnam National University]ยทPeeters, S. J. M. [University of Sussex]ยทRoellinghoff, G. [Sungkyunkwan University]ยทRott, C. [The University of Utah]ยทRyu, J. W. [Kyungpook National University]ยทSakai, K. [J-PARC Center]ยทSakamoto, S. [J-PARC Center]ยทShima, T. [Osaka University]ยทShin, C. D. [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)]ยทSpitz, J. [University of Michigan] (ORCID:0000000262887028)ยทStancu, I. [University of Alabama]ยทSuekane, F. [Tohoku University]ยทSugaya, Y. [Osaka University]ยทSuzuya, K. [J-PARC Center]ยทTaira, M. [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)]ยทTakeuchi, Y. [University of Tsukuba]ยทWang, W. [Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University]ยทWaterfield, J. [University of Sussex]ยทWei, W. [Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University]ยทWhite, R. [University of Sussex]ยทYamaguchi, Y. [J-PARC Center]ยทYeh, M. [Brookhaven National Laboratory]ยทYeo, I. S. [Dongshin University]ยทYoo, C. [Kyung Hee University]ยทYu, I. [Sungkyunkwan University]ยทZohaib, A. [Chonnam National University]
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Abstract

We present the first measurement of the missing energy due to nuclear effects in monoenergetic, muon neutrino charged-current interactions on carbon, originating from ๐พ + โ†’ ๐œ‡ + โข๐œˆ ๐œ‡ decay at rest (๐ธ ๐œˆ ๐œ‡ = 235.5 MeV), performed with the J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at the J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source liquid scintillator based experiment. Toward characterizing the neutrino interaction, ostensibly ๐œˆ ๐œ‡ โข๐‘› โ†’ ๐œ‡ โˆ’ โข๐‘ or ๐œˆ ๐œ‡ โข 12 C โ†’ ๐œ‡ โˆ’ โข 12 N, we define the missing energy as the energy transferred to the nucleus (๐œ”) minus the kinetic energy of the outgoing proton(s), ๐ธ ๐‘š โ‰ก ๐œ”โˆ’โˆ‘ ๐‘‡ ๐‘ , and relate this to visible energy in the detector, ๐ธ ๐‘š = ๐ธ ๐œˆ ๐œ‡ โก(235.5 MeV) โˆ’ ๐‘š ๐œ‡โก (105.7 MeV) + [๐‘š ๐‘› โˆ’ ๐‘š ๐‘โก (1.3 MeV)] โˆ’ ๐ธ vis . The missing energy, which is naively expected to be zero in the absence of nuclear effects (e.g., nucleon separation energy, Fermi momenta, and final-state interactions), is uniquely sensitive to many aspects of the interaction, and has previously been inaccessible with neutrinos. The shape-only, differential cross section measurement reported, based on a (77 ยฑ 3)% pure double-coincidence kaon decay-at-rest signal (621 total events), provides detailed insight into neutrino-nucleus interactions, allowing even the nuclear orbital shell of the struck nucleon to be inferred. The measurement provides an important benchmark for models and event generators at hundreds of MeV neutrino energies, characterized by the difficult-to-model transition region between neutrino-nucleus and neutrino-nucleon scattering, and relevant for applications in nuclear physics, neutrino oscillation measurements, and Type-II supernova studies.

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73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICSElectroweak interactions in nuclear physicsNeutrino interactionsNeutrinosNucleus-neutrino interactions

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Marzec, E. [University of Michigan] (ORCID:0000000174207328), Ajimura, S. [Osaka University], Antonakis, A. [University of Michigan], Botran, M. [University of Michigan], Cheoun, M. K. [Soongsil University], Choi, J. H. [Dongshin University], Choi, J. W. [Chonnam National University], Choi, J. Y. [Chonnam National University], Dodo, T. [Tohoku University], Furuta, H. [Tohoku University], Goh, J. H. [Kyung Hee University], Haga, K. [J-PARC Center], Harada, M. [J-PARC Center], Hasegawa, S. [Advanced Science Research Center; J-PARC Center], Hino, Y. [Tohoku University], Hiraiwa, T. [Osaka University], Hwang, W. [Kyung Hee University], Iida, T. [University of Tsukuba], Iwai, E. [University of Michigan], Iwata, S. [Kitasato University], Jang, H. I. [Seoyeong University], Jang, J. S. [Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology], Jang, M. C. [Chonnam National University], Jeon, H. K. [Sungkyunkwan University], Jeon, S. H. [Sungkyunkwan University], Joo, K. K. [Chonnam National University], Jung, D. E. [Sungkyunkwan University], Kang, S. K. [Seoul National University of Science and Technology], Kasugai, Y. [J-PARC Center], Kawasaki, T. [Kitasato University], Kim, E. J. [Jeonbuk National University], Kim, J. Y. [Chonnam National University], Kim, E. M. [Chonnam National University], Kim, S. Y. [Chonnam National University], Kim, W. [Kyungpook National University], Kim, S. B. [Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University] (ORCID:0000000214164482), Kinoshita, H. [J-PARC Center], Konno, T. [Kitasato University], Kuwata, K. [Tohoku University], Lee, D. H. [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)], Lee, S. [Kyung Hee University], Lim, I. T. [Chonnam National University], Little, C. [University of Michigan] (ORCID:0000000333548825), Maruyama, T. [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)], Masuda, S. [J-PARC Center], Meigo, S. [J-PARC Center], Monjushiro, S. [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)], Moon, D. H. [Chonnam National University], Nakano, T. [Osaka University], Niiyama, M. [Kyoto Sangyo University], Nishikawa, K. [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)], Noumachi, M. [Osaka University], Pac, M. Y. [Dongshin University], Park, B. J. [Kyungpook National University], Park, H. W. [Chonnam National University], Park, J. B. [Soongsil University], Park, J. S. [Kyungpook National University], Park, J. S. [Chonnam National University], Park, R. G. [Chonnam National University], Peeters, S. J. M. [University of Sussex], Roellinghoff, G. [Sungkyunkwan University], Rott, C. [The University of Utah], Ryu, J. W. [Kyungpook National University], Sakai, K. [J-PARC Center], Sakamoto, S. [J-PARC Center], Shima, T. [Osaka University], Shin, C. D. [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)], Spitz, J. [University of Michigan] (ORCID:0000000262887028), Stancu, I. [University of Alabama], Suekane, F. [Tohoku University], Sugaya, Y. [Osaka University], Suzuya, K. [J-PARC Center], Taira, M. [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)], Takeuchi, Y. [University of Tsukuba], Wang, W. [Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University], Waterfield, J. [University of Sussex], Wei, W. [Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University], White, R. [University of Sussex], Yamaguchi, Y. [J-PARC Center], Yeh, M. [Brookhaven National Laboratory], Yeo, I. S. [Dongshin University], Yoo, C. [Kyung Hee University], Yu, I. [Sungkyunkwan University], Zohaib, A. [Chonnam National University]. 2025-02-26. First Measurement of Missing Energy due to Nuclear Effects in Monoenergetic Neutrino Charged-Current Interactions. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.081801

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