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DOE OSTI · 2500978

Multiphoton and Harmonic Imaging of Microarchitected Materials

Blankenship, Brian W. [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000342126835)·Pan, Daisong [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)]·Kyriakou, Eudokia [Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Crete (Greece); University of Crete, Heraklion (Greece)]·Zyla, Gordon [Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Crete (Greece)] (ORCID:0000000182021574)·Meier, Timon [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:000900096572680X)·Arvin, Sophia [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000835259086)·Seymour, Nathan [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)]·De La Torre, Natalia [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)]·Farsari, Maria [Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Crete (Greece)]·Ji, Na [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)]·Grigoropoulos, Costas P. [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000285054037)
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Abstract

Microadditive manufacturing has revolutionized the production of complex, nano- to microscale components across various fields. This work investigates two-photon (2P) and three-photon (3P) fluorescence imaging, as well as third-harmonic generation (THG) microscopy, to examine periodic microarchitected lattice structures fabricated using multiphoton lithography (MPL). By immersing the structures in refractive index matching fluids, we demonstrate high-fidelity 3D reconstructions of both fluorescent structures using 2P and 3P microscopy as well as low-fluorescence structures using THG microscopy. These results show that multiphoton fluorescence (MPF) imaging offers reduced signal decay with respect to depth compared to single-photon techniques in the examined structures. We further demonstrate the ability to nondestructively identify intentional internal modifications of the structure that are not immediately visible with scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and compression-induced fractures, highlighting the potential of these techniques for quality control and defect detection in microadditively manufactured components.

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCEadditive manufacturingchemical structuredefectsfluorescencefluorescence imaginglayersmanufacturingmicroarchitected materialsmultiphoton imagingpolymerstwo-photon polymerization

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Blankenship, Brian W. [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000342126835), Pan, Daisong [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)], Kyriakou, Eudokia [Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Crete (Greece); University of Crete, Heraklion (Greece)], Zyla, Gordon [Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Crete (Greece)] (ORCID:0000000182021574), Meier, Timon [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:000900096572680X), Arvin, Sophia [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000835259086), Seymour, Nathan [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)], De La Torre, Natalia [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)], Farsari, Maria [Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Crete (Greece)], Ji, Na [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)], Grigoropoulos, Costas P. [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000285054037). 2025-01-03. Multiphoton and Harmonic Imaging of Microarchitected Materials. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c16509

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DOE OSTI2026

Cyclic moisture reactivation of calcium sorbents for long duration thermochemical energy storage

The transition to a flexible and reliable energy infrastructure, using electro-thermal energy generation technologies such as geothermal, concentrated solar power, and nuclear, usually demands simultaneous advancement of thermal energy storage (TES) to support on-demand electricity generation and industrial applications while mitigating the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources and power outages from direct energy generation. Among TES technologies, thermochemical energy storage (TCES) based on calcium looping emerges as a compelling high-power energy storage candidate due to its high reaction enthalpy, compatibility with elevated operating temperatures, and abundance of low-cost materials. However, the long-term durability of calcium-based sorbents for TCES is hindered by surface sintering and particle aggregation, leading to performance degradation over repeated thermal cycles. This study explores a moisture hydration-based strategy to regenerate a degraded calcium sorbent and mitigate performance degradation for long duration TCES. The addition of moisture transforms calcium oxide into calcium hydroxide and produces intercalation water layers, associated with a regenerated surface area and reduced calcium oxide crystallite size. Both these effects are beneficial in restoring the sorbents' reactivity for carbonization. Additionally, an optimized hydration-assisted reactivation protocol balances the recovered energy storage capacity with heating penalty required for moisture removal from hydrated samples, resulting in an enhanced energy storage capacity up to 176% compared to benchmark sorbents that undergo cycling without reactivation after 60 cycles. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of hydration-assisted reactivation to enhance the long-term performance of TCES, providing an effective pathway to advancing electro-thermal storage technologies.

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