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DOE OSTI · 2498453

Charge density waves in the 2.5-dimensional quantum heterostructure

Yang, F. Z. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000327889279)·Zhang, T. T. [Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)]·Meng, F. Y. [Renmin Univ. of China, Beijing (China)]·Lei, H. C. [Renmin Univ. of China, Beijing (China)]·Nelson, C. [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)] (ORCID:0000000201960340)·Cai, Y. Q. [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)] (ORCID:0000000299576426)·Vescovo, E. [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)]·Said, A. H. [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)]·Lozano, P. M. [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)] (ORCID:0000000166024118)·Fabbris, G. [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)] (ORCID:0000000182784985)·Miao, H. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000310785713)
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Abstract

Charge density wave (CDW) and their interplay with correlated and topological quantum states are at the forefront of condensed matter research. The 4H b -TaS 2 is a CDW ordered quantum heterostructure that is formed by alternative stacking of Mott insulating 1T-TaS 2 and Ising superconducting 1H-TaS 2 . While the $\sqrt{13}$ ×$\sqrt{13}$ and 3 × 3 CDWs have been respectively observed in the bulk 1T-TaS 2 and 2H-TaS 2 , the CDWs and their pivotal role for unconventional superconductivity in the 4⁢Hb-TaS 2 remain unsolved. In this Letter, we reveal the two-dimensional (2D) $\sqrt{13}$ ×$\sqrt{13}$ chiral CDW in the 1T layers and intraunit cell coupled 2D 2 × 2 CDW in the 1H and 1H' layers of 4⁢H b -TaS 2 . Here, our results establish 4⁢H b -TaS 2 a 2.5D quantum heterostructure, where 2D quantum states emerge from 3D crystalline structure.

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS

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Yang, F. Z. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000327889279), Zhang, T. T. [Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)], Meng, F. Y. [Renmin Univ. of China, Beijing (China)], Lei, H. C. [Renmin Univ. of China, Beijing (China)], Nelson, C. [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)] (ORCID:0000000201960340), Cai, Y. Q. [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)] (ORCID:0000000299576426), Vescovo, E. [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)], Said, A. H. [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)], Lozano, P. M. [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)] (ORCID:0000000166024118), Fabbris, G. [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)] (ORCID:0000000182784985), Miao, H. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000310785713). 2025-01-02. Charge density waves in the 2.5-dimensional quantum heterostructure. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.111.l041101

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DOE OSTI2026

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The transition to a flexible and reliable energy infrastructure, using electro-thermal energy generation technologies such as geothermal, concentrated solar power, and nuclear, usually demands simultaneous advancement of thermal energy storage (TES) to support on-demand electricity generation and industrial applications while mitigating the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources and power outages from direct energy generation. Among TES technologies, thermochemical energy storage (TCES) based on calcium looping emerges as a compelling high-power energy storage candidate due to its high reaction enthalpy, compatibility with elevated operating temperatures, and abundance of low-cost materials. However, the long-term durability of calcium-based sorbents for TCES is hindered by surface sintering and particle aggregation, leading to performance degradation over repeated thermal cycles. This study explores a moisture hydration-based strategy to regenerate a degraded calcium sorbent and mitigate performance degradation for long duration TCES. The addition of moisture transforms calcium oxide into calcium hydroxide and produces intercalation water layers, associated with a regenerated surface area and reduced calcium oxide crystallite size. Both these effects are beneficial in restoring the sorbents' reactivity for carbonization. Additionally, an optimized hydration-assisted reactivation protocol balances the recovered energy storage capacity with heating penalty required for moisture removal from hydrated samples, resulting in an enhanced energy storage capacity up to 176% compared to benchmark sorbents that undergo cycling without reactivation after 60 cycles. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of hydration-assisted reactivation to enhance the long-term performance of TCES, providing an effective pathway to advancing electro-thermal storage technologies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗