Engineering Papers⌕ Search

DOE OSTI · 1728302

Materials Data on NaCd4(GeO3)5 by Materials Project

Abstract

NaCd4(GeO3)5 is Esseneite-like structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.86 Å. There are four inequivalent Cd sites. In the first Cd site, Cd is bonded to six O atoms to form CdO6 octahedra that share corners with six GeO4 tetrahedra and edges with three CdO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.30–2.44 Å. In the second Cd site, Cd is bonded to six O atoms to form CdO6 octahedra that share corners with six GeO4 tetrahedra and edges with four CdO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.46 Å. In the third Cd site, Cd is bonded to six O atoms to form CdO6 octahedra that share corners with six GeO4 tetrahedra and edges with three CdO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.38 Å. In the fourth Cd site, Cd is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.21–2.77 Å. There are five inequivalent Ge sites. In the first Ge site, Ge is bonded to four O atoms to form GeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three CdO6 octahedra and corners with two GeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–63°. There are a spread of Ge–O bond distances ranging from 1.75–1.83 Å. In the second Ge site, Ge is bonded to four O atoms to form GeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CdO6 octahedra and corners with two GeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–64°. There are a spread of Ge–O bond distances ranging from 1.75–1.81 Å. In the third Ge site, Ge is bonded to four O atoms to form GeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CdO6 octahedra and corners with two GeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–64°. There are a spread of Ge–O bond distances ranging from 1.76–1.82 Å. In the fourth Ge site, Ge is bonded to four O atoms to form GeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three CdO6 octahedra and corners with two GeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 46–65°. There are a spread of Ge–O bond distances ranging from 1.75–1.81 Å. In the fifth Ge site, Ge is bonded to four O atoms to form GeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CdO6 octahedra and corners with two GeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 51–59°. There are a spread of Ge–O bond distances ranging from 1.74–1.84 Å. There are fifteen inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Na and two Ge atoms. In the second O site, O is bonded to three Cd and one Ge atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OCd3Ge tetrahedra. In the third O site, O is bonded to three Cd and one Ge atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OCd3Ge tetrahedra. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na and two Ge atoms. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Cd and one Ge atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded to three Cd and one Ge atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OCd3Ge tetrahedra. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Ge atoms. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na, one Cd, and two Ge atoms. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Cd and one Ge atom. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cd and two Ge atoms. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Na, one Cd, and one Ge atom. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Na, two Cd, and one Ge atom. In the thirteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two Cd and one Ge atom. In the fourteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two Cd and one Ge atom. In the fifteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Na, one Cd, and one Ge atom.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

2020-05-02. Materials Data on NaCd4(GeO3)5 by Materials Project. https://doi.org/10.17188/1728302

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related reports

Cyclic moisture reactivation of calcium sorbents for long duration thermochemical energy storage

The transition to a flexible and reliable energy infrastructure, using electro-thermal energy generation technologies such as geothermal, concentrated solar power, and nuclear, usually demands simultaneous advancement of thermal energy storage (TES) to support on-demand electricity generation and industrial applications while mitigating the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources and power outages from direct energy generation. Among TES technologies, thermochemical energy storage (TCES) based on calcium looping emerges as a compelling high-power energy storage candidate due to its high reaction enthalpy, compatibility with elevated operating temperatures, and abundance of low-cost materials. However, the long-term durability of calcium-based sorbents for TCES is hindered by surface sintering and particle aggregation, leading to performance degradation over repeated thermal cycles. This study explores a moisture hydration-based strategy to regenerate a degraded calcium sorbent and mitigate performance degradation for long duration TCES. The addition of moisture transforms calcium oxide into calcium hydroxide and produces intercalation water layers, associated with a regenerated surface area and reduced calcium oxide crystallite size. Both these effects are beneficial in restoring the sorbents' reactivity for carbonization. Additionally, an optimized hydration-assisted reactivation protocol balances the recovered energy storage capacity with heating penalty required for moisture removal from hydrated samples, resulting in an enhanced energy storage capacity up to 176% compared to benchmark sorbents that undergo cycling without reactivation after 60 cycles. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of hydration-assisted reactivation to enhance the long-term performance of TCES, providing an effective pathway to advancing electro-thermal storage technologies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗