NASA NTRS · 20210024752
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David Petrushenko, Eric Darcy. Battery Relevant Cell Side Wall Rupture Characterizations. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210024752
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Final Paper, not the Abstract, is attached. Johnson Space Center has been experimenting with various methods of igniting Li-ion cells into thermal runaway (TR). Recently, it was demonstrated that using a high power IR laser, an Li-ion cell can be successfully triggered into TR without perforating its can wall. This method creates a zone of highly localized heat energy that transfers through the can wall and melts nearby layers of the cell separator. Using this method, we are able to trigger various cell designs into a TR response. With unique test conditions, we've been able trigger TR in an elliptical cylindrical cell design without perforating its aluminum can. The method holds promise as an effective single cell TR trigger method in battery assemblies with minimal thermal biasing to adjacent cells.
Final Document is attached. New design features and test methods are in development at NASA to take advantage of the newest high power and energy dense commercial Li-ion cell designs and to achieve passively thermal runaway (TR) propagation resistant (PPR) designs for manned missions requiring high power/voltage. The goal is to minimize the parasitic mass and volume of the battery components; thus reaching a balance between high battery specific power (W/kg) and energy (Wh/kg) as well as power (W/L) and energy density (Wh/L). Current 18650 cell designs achieve greater than 275 Wh/kg, greater than 725 Wh/L, but present high risks of side wall breaching during TR which can defeat many other safety features resulting in nearly immediate TR propagation. This work seeks to better understand the phenomena of cell side wall breaches and to determine the effectiveness of promising battery design features for achieving safe, high performing battery designs for high voltage/power applications.