NASA NTRS · 20200001724
Chapter 5: Food Security
Abstract
The current food system (production, transport, processing, packaging, storage, retail, consumption, loss and waste) feeds the great majority of world population and supports the livelihoods of over 1 billion people. Since 1961, food supply per capita has increased more than 30%, accompanied by greater use of nitrogen fertilisers (increase of about 800%) and water resources for irrigation (increase of more than 100%). However, an estimated 821 million people are currently undernourished, 151 million children under five are stunted, 613 million women and girls aged 15 to 49 suffer from iron deficiency, and 2 billion adults are overweight or obese. The food system is under pressure from non-climate stressors (e.g., population and income growth, demand for animal-sourced products), and from climate change. These climate and non-climate stresses are impacting the four pillars of food security (availability, access, utilisation, and stability).
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Mbow, Cheikh, Rosenzweig, Cynthia E., Barioni, Luis G., Benton, Tim G., Herrero, Mario, Krishnapillai, Murukesan, Ruane, Alexander C., Liwenga, Emma, Pradhan, Prajal, Rivera-Ferre, Marta G., Sapkota, Tek, Tubiello, Francesco N., Xu, Yinlong, Mencos Contreras, Erik A., Periera, Joana Portugal, Blanchard, Julia, Fanzo, Jessica, Frank, Stefan, Kriewald, Steffan, Lanigan, Gary, Lopez, Daniel, Mason-D'Croz, Daniel, Neofotis, Peter, Pant, Laxmi, Rodrigues, Renato, Ruane, Alex C., Waha, Katharina, Benkeblia, Noureddine, Challinor, Andrew, Khan, Amanullah, Porter, John R., Contreras, Erik Mencos, Diouf, Abdoul Aziz. 2020-03-01. Chapter 5: Food Security. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200001724
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