Current trajectory options for a comet nucleus sample return mission

Abstract

A summary of the current trajectory options available for the ESA comet nucleus sample return mission, Rosetta, is presented. These options include direct trajectories, delta-V-EGA trajectories using a Titan IV/Centaur launch vehicle with upgraded solid rocket motors, a trajectory involving a gravity assist of the earth (VEGA) prior to comet rendezvous, and one involving an additional gravity assist of the earth (VEEGA). Other propulsion options proposed and discussed are solar electric propulsion/ballistic trajectory modes and nuclear electric propulsion trajectory modes. Tables of performance data for each of these trajectory options are given.