NASA NTRS · 19780000271
Ultrasonic extensometer measures bolt preload
Abstract
Extensometer using ultrasonic pulse reflections to measure elongations in tightened belts and studs is much more accurate than conventional torque wrenches in application of specified preload to bolts and other threaded fasteners.
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Daniels, C. M., Jr.. 1978-10-01. Ultrasonic extensometer measures bolt preload. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780000271
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