TY - RPRT TI - Robust optimization of flexible diafiltration systems for critical mineral separations AU - Yao, Jason [Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)] AU - Dougher, Molly [University of Notre Dame] (ORCID:0000000315677084) AU - Lee, Andrew [NETL Site Support Contractor, National Energy Technology Laboratory] AU - Garciadiego, Alejandro [NETL Site Support Contractor, National Energy Technology Laboratory] (ORCID:0000000300973307) AU - Tarka, Thomas [NETL] (ORCID:0000000261054366) AU - Dowling, Alexander [University of Notre Dame] (ORCID:0000000193837499) AU - Gounaris, Chrysanthos [Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)] (ORCID:0000000157792510) PY - 2026 DO - 10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101282 UR - https://www.osti.gov/biblio/3684012 ID - 3684012 ER -