Engineering topics

Zhou, Rui

Publications and source records attributed to Zhou, Rui.

4 records

DOE OSTI2025

Strong, ductile, and hierarchical hetero-lamellar-structured alloys through microstructural inheritance and refinement

The strength−ductility trade-off exists ubiquitously, especially in brittle intermetallic-containing multiple principal element alloys (MPEAs), where the intermetallic phases often induce premature failure leading to severe ductility reduction. Hierarchical heterogeneities represent a promising microstructural solution to achieve simultaneous strength−ductility enhancement. However, it remains fundamentally challenging to tailor hierarchical heterostructures using conventional methods, which often rely on costly and time-consuming processing. Here, we report a multiscale microstructural inheritance and refinement strategy to process “structural hierarchy precursors” in as-cast heterogeneous Al 0.7 CoCrFeNi MPEAs, which lead directly to a hierarchical hetero-lamellar structure (HLS) after simple rolling and annealing. Interestingly, it takes only 10 min of annealing time, two orders of magnitude less than that required to render the state-of-the-art properties during conventional processing of Al 0.7 CoCrFeNi, for us to achieve record-high strength−ductility combinations via the hierarchical HLS design that sequentially stimulates multiple unusual deformation and reinforcement mechanisms. In particular, the HLS-enabled high hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) internal stress triggers profuse <111>-type dislocations on over five independent slip systems in the supposedly brittle intermetallic phase and activates extensive stacking faults (SFs) and nanotwinning in the adjoining soft phase with a rather high SF energy. These unexpected, dynamically reinforcing hetero-deformation mechanisms across multiple length scales facilitate high sustained HDI strain hardening, along with a salient microcrack-mediated extrinsic ductilization effect, suggesting that the proposed microstructural inheritance and refinement strategy provides an efficient, fast, and low-cost approach to overcome the strength−ductility trade-off in a broad range of structural materials.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗

DOE OSTI2024

Bulk high-temperature superconductivity in pressurized tetragonal La 2 PrNi 2 O 7

The Ruddlesden–Popper (R–P) bilayer nickelate, La 3 Ni 2 O 7 , was recently found to show signatures of high-temperature superconductivity (HTSC) at pressures above 14 GPa . Subsequent investigations achieved zero resistance in single-crystalline and polycrystalline samples under hydrostatic pressure conditions. Yet, obviousdiamagnetic signals, the other hallmark of superconductors, are still lacking owing to the flamentary nature with low superconducting volume fraction. The presence of a new 1313 polymorph and competing R–P phases obscured proper identification of the phase for HTSC. Thus, achieving bulk HTSC and identifying the phase at play are the most prominent tasks. Here we address these issues in the praseodymium (Pr)-doped La 2 PrNi 2 O 7 polycrystalline samples. We find that substitutions of Pr for La efectively inhibit the intergrowth of diferent R–P phases, resulting in a nearly pure bilayer structure. For La 2 PrNi 2 O 7 , pressure-induced orthorhombic to tetragonalstructural transition takes place at P c ≈ 11 GPa, above which HTSC emerges gradually on further compression. The superconducting transition temperatures at 18–20 GPa reach $T$ $^{onset}_{c}$ = $82.5$ $K$ and $T$ $^{zero}_{c}$ = $60$ $K$, which are the highest values, to our knowledge, among known nickelate superconductors. Importantly, bulk HTSC was testified by detecting clear diamagnetic signals below about 75 K with appreciable superconducting shielding volume fractions at a pressure of above 15 GPa. Further, our results not only resolve the existing controversies but also provide directions for exploring bulk HTSC in the bilayer nickelates.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2024

Familial Alzheimer mutations stabilize synaptotoxic γ-secretase-substrate complexes

Mutations that cause familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) are found in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin, the catalytic component of γ-secretase, that together produce amyloid β-peptide (Aβ). Nevertheless, whether Aβ is the primary disease driver remains controversial. We report here that FAD mutations disrupt initial proteolytic events in the multistep processing of APP substrate C99 by γ-secretase. Cryoelectron microscopy reveals that a substrate mimetic traps γ-secretase during the transition state, and this structure aligns with activated enzyme-substrate complex captured by molecular dynamics simulations. In silico simulations and in cellulo fluorescence microscopy support stabilization of enzyme-substrate complexes by FAD mutations. Neuronal expression of C99 and/or presenilin-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans leads to synaptic loss only with FAD-mutant transgenes. Designed mutations that stabilize the enzyme-substrate complex and block Aβ production likewise led to synaptic loss. Collectively, these findings implicate the stalled process—not the products—of γ-secretase cleavage of substrates in FAD pathogenesis.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2022

Coffee supply chain planning under climate change

The growing demand but uncertain supply makes the sustainability of the coffee industry a shared concern for all participants along the coffee supply chain. This study proposed a decision-making model that comprises the cultivation management, including shade management and annual agriculture management, and the supply chain logistics. A two-stage stochastic program is presented and used within a rolling horizon scheme that periodically updates input data information to deal with uncertainty associated with future climate scenarios. The program minimizes the total expected cost of the entire supply chain of arabica coffee. The study applied the model to the real case study of arabica coffee bean supply to the U.S. market, trying to answer whether arabica coffee supply can meet the U.S. demand from 2022 to 2050 and how to best mitigate any shortage through corporate-farmer partnerships. The results show that the coffee supply will have a 3% shortage in the future; medium-level shade management and more irrigation and fertilization are possible mitigation strategies. These results demonstrate the need for all participants to adopt suitable technologies for the sustainability of global coffee supply chains together.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗