Biomineralization
The hierarchically structured biominerals with excellent functions are produced by the regulation of organisms via biomineralization. The organic matrix and molecules regulate the inorganic mineralization to fabricate the delicate structural materials with the optimized properties. Inspired by natural biomineralization process, may biomimetic tactics have been developed for applications for materials and biomedicines, such as collagen re-mineralization, tooth and bone repairs. Biomineralization always highlights the control of inorganic materials by using organisms; reversely, the mineralized materials can also regulate or improve the living organisms. By conferring materials on to organism, the rationally designed organism-material hybrids can be created artificially, which are featured by their improved or new functions such as cell protection, bioenergy production, vaccine modification and cell treatment. Such a combination follows a materials-based biological modification, which would contribute a more comprehensive view of biomineralization as well as a new window for biological inorganic chemistry.