Engineering topics
Zhang, Lin
Publications and source records attributed to Zhang, Lin.
Ultra‐Uniform Nanocrystalline Materials via Two‐Step Sintering
Abstract Nanocrystalline materials with superior properties are of great interest. Much is discussed about obtaining nanograins, but little is known about maintaining grain‐size uniformity that is critical for reliability. An especially intriguing question is whether it is possible to achieve a size distribution narrower than what Hillert theoretically predicted for normal grain growth, a possibility suggested—for growth with a higher growth exponent—by the generalized mean‐field theory of Lifshitz, Slyozov, Wagner (LSW), and Hillert but never realized in practice. Following a rationally designed two‐step sintering route, it has been made possible in bulk materials by taking advantage of the large growth exponent in the intermediate sintering stage to form a uniform microstructure despite residual porosity, and freezing the grain growth thereafter while continuing densification to reach full density. The bulk dense Al 2 O 3 ceramic thus obtained has an average grain size of 34 nm and a size distribution much narrower than Hillert's prediction. Bulk Al 2 O 3 with a grain‐size distribution narrower than the particle‐size distribution of starting powders is also demonstrated, as are highly uniform bulk engineering metals (refractory Mo and W‐Re alloy) and complex functional ceramics (BaTiO 3 ‐based alloys with superior dielectric strength and energy capacity).
Novel multi-layer-composites design for ultrasonic transducer applications
Not Available
Blade-coated efficient and stable large-area organic solar cells with optimized additive
Not Available
Adaptive shape control of wavefront-preserving X-ray mirrors with active cooling and heating
This article describes the development and testing of a novel, water cooled, active optic mirror system (called “REAL: Resistive Element Adjustable Length”) that combines cooling with applied auxiliary heating, tailored to the spatial distribution of the thermal load generated by the incident beam. This technique is theoretically capable of sub-nanometer surface figure error control even at high power density. Tests conducted in an optical metrology laboratory and at synchrotron X-ray beamlines showed the ability to maintain the mirror profile to the level needed for the next generation storage rings and FEL mirrors.
Transannularly conjugated tetrameric perylene diimide acceptors containing [2.2]paracyclophane for non-fullerene organic solar cells
Two isomeric perylene diimide acceptors with through-space conjugated [2.2]paracyclophane as a central core show dramatic differences in device performances.
N-doped honeycomb-like porous carbon towards high-performance supercapacitor
Biomass-derived porous carbon with developed pore structure is critical to achieving high performance electrode materials. In this work, we report a grape-based honeycomb-like porous carbon (GHPC) prepared by KOH activation and carbonization, followed by N-doping (NGHPC). The obtained NGHPC exhibits a unique honeycomb-like structure with hierarchically interconnected micro/mesopores, and high specific surface area of 1268 m2/g. As a supercapacitor electrode, the NGPHC electrode exhibits a remarkable specific capacitance of 275 F/g at 0.5 A/g in a three-electrode cell. Moreover, the NGHPC//NGHPC symmetric supercapacitor displays a high energy density of 12.6 Wh/kg, and excellent cycling stability of approximately 95.2% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 5 A/g. The excellent electrochemical performance of NGHPC is ascribed to its high specific surface area, honeycomb-like structure and high-content of pyrodinic-N (36.29%). It is believed that grape-based carbon materials show great potential as advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors.
A blade-coated highly efficient thick active layer for non-fullerene organic solar cells
Highly efficient large-area thick-film organic solar cells were fabricated by blade-coating with finely controlling the molecular packing.
A Hierarchical Nanoporous Diamondoid Superstructure
Not Available
A General Approach for Lab‐to‐Manufacturing Translation on Flexible Organic Solar Cells
Abstract The blossoming of organic solar cells (OSCs) has triggered enormous commercial applications, due to their high‐efficiency, light weight, and flexibility. However, the lab‐to‐manufacturing translation of the praisable performance from lab‐scale devices to industrial‐scale modules is still the Achilles' heel of OSCs. In fact, it is urgent to explore the mechanism of morphological evolution in the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) with different coating/printing methods. Here, a general approach to upscale flexible organic photovoltaics to module scale without obvious efficiency loss is demonstrated. The shear impulse during the coating/printing process is first applied to control the morphology evolution of the BHJ layer for both fullerene and nonfullerene acceptor systems. A quantitative transformation factor of shear impulse between slot‐die printing and spin‐coating is detected. Compelling results of morphological evolution, molecular stacking, and coarse‐grained molecular simulation verify the validity of the impulse translation. Accordingly, the efficiency of flexible devices via slot‐die printing achieves 9.10% for PTB7‐Th:PC 71 BM and 9.77% for PBDB‐T:ITIC based on 1.04 cm 2 . Furthermore, 15 cm 2 flexible modules with effective efficiency up to 7.58% (PTB7‐Th:PC 71 BM) and 8.90% (PBDB‐T:ITIC) are demonstrated with satisfying mechanical flexibility and operating stability. More importantly, this work outlines the shear impulse translation for organic printing electronics.
Yb-doped fiber laser mode-locked with Au nanocages/SiO{sub 2} saturable absorber
Au nanocages/SiO{sub 2} (Au-NCs/SiO{sub 2}) are prepared through a seed-mediated growth method, and the performance is investigated in an all-fiber passively mode-locked ytterbium-doped fiber laser, for the first time. Its saturating intensity and modulation depth are measured to be about 0.461 MW/cm{sup 2} and 5.3%, respectively. With the Au-NCs/SiO{sub 2} saturable absorbers (SA) film, the pulse with the pulse duration of 1.116 ns and repetition rate of 32.02 MHz was generated at 1063.14 nm, under the pump power of 342 mW. And the corresponding average output power of 4.82 mW was obtained. These results indicate that Au-NCs/SiO{sub 2} has excellent saturable absorption properties with the potential for important applications in the field of ultra-short pulse lasers.
Toward Design Rules of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Adsorption Cooling: Effect of Topology on the Ethanol Working Capacity
Using combined experimental and computational approaches, we studied the adsorption behavior of ethanol in a series of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with similar building blocks but different topologies and tested their performance as adsorption coolers. Here, we analyzed the relationship between the MOF structures and their ethanol working capacities under different working conditions. Molecular-level insights into the microscopic adsorption behavior were also gained from atomistic simulations. Based on the structure-property relationships that we found, we selected another MOF (MOF-525) for study, and our experiments and simulations both showed superior ethanol working capacity for this MOF, which verified our design rules.
Introducing Nonstructural Ligands to Zirconia-like Metal–Organic Framework Nodes To Tune the Activity of Node-Supported Nickel Catalysts for Ethylene Hydrogenation [Introducing Nonstructural Ligands to Zirconia-like MOF Nodes To Tune the Activity of Node-Supported Nickel Catalysts for Ethylene Hydrogenation]
Previous work has shown that introduction of hexafluoroacetylacetone (Facac) units as nonstructural ligands for the zirconia-like nodes of the eight-connected metal-organic framework (MOF), NU-1000, greatly alters the selectivity of node-supported oxy-nickel clusters for ethylene dimerization vs oligomerization. Here we i explore a related concept: tuning of support/catalyst interactions, and therefore, catalyst activity, via parallel installation of organic modifiers on the support itself. As modifiers we focused on para-substituted benzoates (R-BA – ; R = -NH 2 , -OCH 3 , -CH 3 , -H, -F, and -NO 2 ) where the substituents were chosen to present similar steric demand, but varying electron-donating or electron-withdrawing properties. R-benzoate-engendered shifts in the node-based aqua O-H stretching frequency for NU-1000, as measured by DRIFTS (diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy), together with systematic shifts in Ni 2p peak energies, as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, show that the electronic properties of the support can be modulated. The vibrational and electronic peak shifts correlate with the putative electron-withdrawing vs electron-donating strength of the para-substituted benzoate modifiers. Subsequent installation of node-supported, oxy-Ni(II) clusters for ethylene hydrogenation yield a compelling correlation between log (catalyst turnover frequency) and the electron donating or withdrawing character of the substituent of the benzoate units. Single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that each organic modifier makes use of only one of two available carboxylate oxygens to accomplish grafting. The remaining oxygen atom is, in principle, well positioned to coordinate directly to an installed Ni(II) ion. We postulate that the unanticipated direct coordination of the catalyst by the node-modifier (rather than indirect modifier-based tuning of support(node)/catalyst electronic interactions) is the primary source of the observed systematic tuning of hydrogenation activity. Here we suggest, however, that regardless of mechanism for communication with active-sites of MOF-supported catalysts, intentional elaboration of nodes via grafted, nonstructural organic species could prove to be a valuable general strategy for fine-tuning supported-catalyst activity and/or selectivity.
Molecular packing control enables excellent performance and mechanical property of blade-cast all-polymer solar cells
All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) are the most promising power generators for flexible and portable devices due to excellent morphology stability and outstanding mechanical property. Prior work suggests high crystallinity is beneficial to device performance but detrimental to mechanical property, therefore identifying the optimized ratio between crystalline and amorphous domains becomes important. In this work, we demonstrated highly efficient and mechanically robust all-PSCs by blade-coating technology in ambient environment based on PTzBI:N2200 system. By controlling the aggregation in solution state and ultrafast film formation process, a weakly ordered molecular packing morphology as well as small phase separation is obtained, which leads to not only the good photovoltaic performance (8.36%-one of the best blade-cast device in air) but also prominent mechanical characteristic. The controlled film reflects a remarkable elongation with the crack onset strain of 15.6%, which is the highest result in organic solar cells without adding elastomers. These observations indicate the great promise of the developed all-PSCs for practical applications toward large-area processing technology.