Phases of circle-compactified QCD with adjoint fermions at finite density
Not Available
Kanazawa, Takuya↗
Engineering topics
Yamamoto, Naoki
Publications and source records attributed to Yamamoto, Naoki.
Chiral Shock Waves
We study the shock waves in relativistic chiral matter. We argue that the conventional Rankine-Hugoinot relations are modified due to the presence of chiral transport phenomena. We show that the entropy discontinuity in a weak shock wave is quadratic in the pressure discontinuity when the effect of chiral transport becomes sufficiently large. We also show that rarefaction shock waves, which do not exist in usual nonchiral fluids, can appear in chiral matter. The direction of shock wave propagation is found to be completely determined by the direction of the vorticity and the chirality of fermions. These features are exemplified by shock propagation in dense neutrino matter in the hydrodynamic regime.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Property of hepatitis B virus replication in Tupaia belangeri hepatocytes
The northern treeshrew (Tupaia belangeri) has been reported to be an effective candidate for animal infection model with hepatitis B virus (HBV). The objective of our study was to analyze the growth characteristics of HBV in tupaia hepatocytes and the host response to HBV infection. We established primary tupaia hepatocytes (3–6-week old tupaia) and infected them with HBV genotypes A, B and C, and all the genotypes proliferated as well as those in human primary hepatocytes (>10{sup 5} copies/ml in culture supernatant). We next generated a chimeric mouse with tupaia liver by transplantation of tupaia primary hepatocytes to urokinase-type plasminogen activator cDNA (cDNA-uPA)/severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice and the replacement ratio with tupaia hepatocytes was found to be more than 95%. Infection of chimeric mice with HBV (genotypes B, C, and D) resulted in HBV-DNA level of 10{sup 4}-10{sup 6} copies/ml after 8 weeks of infection, which were almost similar to that in humanized chimeric mouse. In contrast, serum HBV level in adult tupaia (1-year-old tupaia) was quite low (<10{sup 3} copies/ml). Understanding the differences in the response to HBV infection in primary tupaia hepatocytes, chimeric mouse, and adult tupaia will contribute to elucidating the mechanism of persistent HBV infection and viral eradication. Thus, T. belangeri was found to be efficient for studying the host response to HBV infection, thereby providing novel insight into the pathogenesis of HBV. - Highlights: • Primary hepatocytes were established from tupaia that is a novel HBV infection model. • Tupaia primary hepatocytes were susceptible for HBV infection. • The immunodeficient chimeric mice with tupaia hepatocytes were established. • The chimeric mice with tupaia hepatocytes were susceptible for HBV infection.
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
Single-particle spectral density of the unitary Fermi gas: Novel approach based on the operator product expansion, sum rules and the maximum entropy method
Making use of the operator product expansion, we derive a general class of sum rules for the imaginary part of the single-particle self-energy of the unitary Fermi gas. The sum rules are analyzed numerically with the help of the maximum entropy method, which allows us to extract the single-particle spectral density as a function of both energy and momentum. These spectral densities contain basic information on the properties of the unitary Fermi gas, such as the dispersion relation and the superfluid pairing gap, for which we obtain reasonable agreement with the available results based on quantum Monte-Carlo simulations.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Zero photoelastic and water durable ZnO–SnO–P{sub 2}O{sub 5}–B{sub 2}O{sub 3} glasses
We report properties of zero birefringent xZnO–(67–x)SnO–(33–y)P{sub 2}O{sub 5}–y B{sub 2}O{sub 3} glasses, within 18.5 ≤ x ≤ 22 and y = 0, 3, and 10 mol. %. These compositions of boro-phosphate glasses provide both zero photoelastic constant (PEC) and improved water durability. x = 19 and y = 3 compositions show minimum PEC of −0.002 × 10{sup −12} Pa{sup −1}, which can contribute to candidate material for fiber current sensor devise without lead. The structures of zero photoelastic glasses were investigated by Raman scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Compositions of zero PEC glasses are explained by the empirical model proposed by Zwanziger et al. [Chem. Mater. 19, 286-290 (2007)].
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Androgen-independent proliferation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells infected by xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus
Highlights: • XMRV infection induces androgen-independent growth in LNCaP cells. • XMRV infection reduces expression of androgen receptor. • XMRV promotes appearance of androgen blocker-resistant prostate cancer cells. - Abstract: Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) is a novel gammaretrovirus that was originally isolated from human prostate cancer. It is now believed that XMRV is not the etiologic agent of prostate cancer. An analysis of murine leukemia virus (MLV) infection in various human cell lines revealed that prostate cancer cell lines are preferentially infected by XMRV, and this suggested that XMRV infection may confer some sort of growth advantage to prostate cancer cell lines. To examine this hypothesis, androgen-dependent LNCaP cells were infected with XMRV and tested for changes in certain cell growth properties. We found that XMRV-infected LNCaP cells can proliferate in the absence of the androgen dihydrotestosterone. Moreover, androgen receptor expression is significantly reduced in XMRV-infected LNCaP cells. Such alterations were not observed in uninfected and amphotropic MLV-infected LNCaP cells. This finding explains why prostate cancer cell lines are preferentially infected with XMRV.
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
High-Q band edge mode of plasmonic crystals studied by cathodoluminescence
We have investigated the quality factor (Q-factor) of the band edge modes in the plasmonic crystal by a cathodoluminescence technique. We have found that the Q-factor at the Γ point depends on the terrace width (D)/period (P) ratio of the plasmonic crystal. The finite-difference time-domain methods predict that the band edge mode at D/P = 3/4 has a high-Q-factor (Q ∼ 250 by Palik's permittivity data and Q ∼ 530 by Johnson and Christy's data). The beam-scan spectral images allowed us to visualize the standing surface plasmon polariton waves at the band edge energies, and a high-Q-factor of ∼200 was observed at D/P ∼ 3/4.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗