Electrochemical deposition of semiconductors for thermoelectric devices
Thermoelectric microgenerators are an approach to power conversion which can deliver milliwatts to watts of power at a few to several tens of volts.
Engineering topics
Publications and source records attributed to Williams, R. M..
Thermoelectric microgenerators are an approach to power conversion which can deliver milliwatts to watts of power at a few to several tens of volts.
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Two AMTEC power units fabricated by Advanced Modular Power Systems, Inc. using a cold end condenser manufactured by Creare, Inc. which operate for 342 hours and 575 hours were dissected and examined.
Electrochemical techniques including impedance spectroscopy are routinely used to test the performance of AMTEC electrodes.
AMTEC power systems are designed for use on extended space missions. During the lifetime of such missions the power available for the spacecraft will depend on the degradation of the system performance. Development of a tool that allows monitoring of the system degradation will provide an aid in dtermining the condition of the power source.
The technical challenges confronting development of Alkali Metal Thermal-to Electric Converters (AMTEC) for up to 15 year life on NASA Mars and outer planetary missions are significant, although approaches to solutions are understood by many investigators.
An improved electrode for the Alkali Metal Thermal to Electric Converter (AMTEC) has been made and tested.
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The Sodium Exposure Test Cell (SETC) is a non-power producing cell which has been developed to evaluate and test components of the electrochemical cell in an Alkali Metal Thermal to Electric Converter.
This paper presents a model of the exchange current developed for porous molybdenum electrodes on sodium beta-alumina ceramics in low pressure sodium vapor, but which has general applicability to gas/porous metal electrodes on solid electrolytes.
Transport of alkali metal atoms through porous cathodes of alkali metal thermal-to-electric converter (AMTEC) cells is responsible for significant, reducible losses in the electrical performance of these cells.
The MOx instrument was developed to characterize the reactive nature of the martian soil. The objectives of MOx were: (1) to measure the rate of degradation of organics in the martian environment; (2) to determine if the reactions seen by the Viking biology experiments were caused by a soil oxidant and measure the reactivity of the soil and atmosphere: (3) to monitor the degradation, when exposed to the martian environment, of materials of potential use in future missions; and, finally, (4) to develop technologies and approaches that can be part of future soil analysis instrumentation. The basic approach taken in the MOx instrument was to place a variety of materials composed as thin films in contact with the soil and monitor the physical and chemical changes that result. The optical reflectance of the thin films was the primary sensing-mode. Thin films of organic materials, metals, and semiconductors were prepared. Laboratory simulations demonstrated the response of thin films to active oxidants.
AMTEC, The Alkali Metal Thermal to Electric Converter, is a direct energy conversion device capable of near-Carnot efficiencies.
The exchange current observed at porous metal electrodes on sodium or potassium beta -alumina solid electrolytes in alkali metal vapor is quantitatively modeled with a multi-step process with good agreement with experimental results.
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None. From Objectives section: Evaluate the stability of potassium beta alumina under potassium AMTEC operating conditions. Evaluate the stability regime in which potassium beta alumina can be fabricated.
Current collection in porous thin film electrodes on solid electrolytes has been improved by using thick film grids to decrease sheet and contact resistance in RhW and PtW electrodes. The grids are directly deposited on the solid electrolyte either by sputter- or photodeposition, and the electrode deposited over the grid. Comparison of the performance of electrodes having such underlying grids with that of electrodes without such grids has shown performance, as measured by current or power produced, to be improved by 10-30% in electrodes with grids.
A silicon carbide sensor has been constructed that is capable of distinguishing between methane and propene. This could have applications with automobile emissions and chemical processing.