SCALE/DB-Public
This is a collection of public data produced by AMPX or curated from quality sources that the SCALE code system relies on for user problem input.
Brown, Jesse [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)↗
Engineering topics
Williams, Mark
Publications and source records attributed to Williams, Mark.
Total Energy for the SOFC and SOEC
Analysis of the total energy of an operating SOFC or SOEC.
Williams, Mark↗
Estimating the Impacts of Integrating a Solid Oxide Electrolyser into a Coal Power Plant
“Estimating the Impacts of Integrating a Solid Oxide Electrolyser into a Coal Power Plant”, Michael Angyus, Mark C. Williams, Massood Ramezan, Gary Jesionowski, and Randall S. Gemmen, SOFC17, Sweden, July, 2020, ECS Transactions, Vol. 103(1), pp. 249-265.
Angyus, Michael↗
Innovative Approaches to the Decommissioning of a Redundant Plutonium Processing Facility - 20147
At Sellafield, in the North West of the United Kingdom (UK), there are a number of redundant plutonium processing facilities. Over the past three decades several decommissioning strategies have been deployed to clean up these redundant facilities. Whilst there have been many successes previously reported, there remain many challenges. As previously presented at WM2017 (Paper Ref 17081) some of these challenges have recently been addressed through a new approach which introduced a number of innovations. The purpose of these innovations is to seek ways to significantly reduce risks to both decommissioning personnel and the environment by minimising the extent of physical 'hands on' decommissioning activities and by simplifying the waste production process. This paper provides an update on the progress of these innovations since 2017. Additionally, the paper also provides details of the new decommissioning technologies which have been introduced over the past 2 years to enable the most challenging aspects of the redundant plutonium processing facility to be decommissioned. These new decommissioning technologies address challenges associated with the preparation of process vessels and pipework to enable their safe in-situ size reduction by remote means: - New decommissioning techniques have been introduced to allow penetrations to be remotely cut into process vessels and pipework to provide a means of accessing and controlling the venting of any potential hydrogen gas present. - Additionally, a new large scale bespoke remote diamond wire cutting machine has been designed and manufactured to enable the process vessels to be size reduced in situ. Both of these new cutting technologies have involved collaborative working with specialist equipment suppliers including extensive development, trialling demonstration and commissioning prior to bringing the equipment into operational service. Several years of work have now culminated in reaching the final stages of decommissioning of the redundant plutonium processing facility with decommissioning of the final process vessels now underway and completion expected by the end of 2019. (authors)
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
Performance Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Energy Conversion Networks (ECN)
Presented by NETL at 2019 Fuel Cell Seminar, 11/19
Williams, Mark↗
Spatially Tracked Hand-held Gamma Camera for Surgery
The goal of the project was to develop and test a 3-dimensional (3D) imaging technology designed to overcome limitations of current non-imaging lymph node mapping methods by integrating a newly developed, unique hand-held gamma camera (HGC) into a platform for freehand SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography). Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a vital component of surgical oncology in the process of establishing the extent of disease and likelihood of metastasis. The team was successful in the development and testing of the device.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Final Progress Report for Project Entitled: Quantum Dot Tracers for Use in Engineered Geothermal Systems
The objective of this project was to develop and demonstrate a new class of tracers that offer great promise for use in characterizing fracture networks in EGS reservoirs. From laboratory synthesis and testing through numerical modeling and field demonstrations, we have demonstrated the amazing versatility and applicability of quantum dot tracers. This report summarizes the results of four years of research into the design, synthesis, and characterization of semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) for use as geothermal tracers.
15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
Effectiveness of an in-situ permeable reactive barrier in removing strontium-90 from groundwater - 15418
An in-situ permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is being used to remove strontium-90 from groundwater along the 100-N Area shoreline at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site in southeastern Washington. The PRB was formed by emplacing apatite, a calcium phosphate mineral, in the subsurface sediments via injection of calcium-citrate and sodium-phosphate solution into the aquifer through a network of vertical wells. The relatively slow biodegradation of citrate allowed sufficient time for the injected solution to disperse in the PRB treatment zone as the free calcium and phosphate combined to form apatite. Substitution of strontium for calcium in the apatite crystal structure is thermodynamically favorable. As groundwater flows through the PRB toward the Columbia River, strontium-90 is sequestered into the apatite crystal matrix. The sequestered strontium-90 undergoes radioactive decay in place within the PRB. Groundwater monitoring wells installed between the PRB and the Columbia River are used to monitor the PRB effectiveness. The concentration of strontium-90 in the monitoring wells following apatite emplacement are compared to the pre-injection concentrations. The performance goal of the PRB is to reduce the concentration of strontium-90 in groundwater down gradient of the PRB by 90 percent, compared to the pre-injection concentrations. Groundwater samples in Fall 2013 show the percent reduction in strontium-90 concentrations ranged from 71 to 98 percent in eleven of the twelve monitoring wells. The data indicate that the PRB is effective in reducing the flux of strontium-90 toward the Columbia River and is thereby instrumental in protection of the Columbia River. (authors)
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
A Full-Core Resonance Self-Shielding Method Using a Continuous-Energy Quasi–One-Dimensional Slowing-Down Solution that Accounts for Temperature-Dependent Fuel Subregions and Resonance Interference
In this paper, a correction-based resonance self-shielding method is developed that allows annular subdivision of the fuel rod. The method performs the conventional iteration of the embedded self-shielding method (ESSM) without subdivision of the fuel to capture the interpin shielding effect. The resultant self-shielded cross sections are modified by correction factors incorporating the intrapin effects of radial variation of the shielded cross section, radial temperature distribution, and resonance interference. A quasi–one-dimensional slowing-down equation is developed to calculate such correction factors. The method is implemented in the DeCART code and compared with the conventional ESSM and subgroup method with benchmark MCNP results. The new method yields substantially improved results for both spatially dependent reaction rates and eigenvalues for typical pressurized water reactor pin cell cases with uniform and nonuniform fuel temperature profiles. Finally, the new method is also proved effective in treating assembly heterogeneity and complex material composition such as mixed oxide fuel, where resonance interference is much more intense.
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
Exergetic efficiency as a basis for durability analysis and prognosis
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
carbon sequestration↗
Evaluation of Fuel Cell Operation and Degradation
The concepts of area specific resistance (ASR) and degradation are developed for different fuel cell operating modes. The concepts of exergetic efficiency and entropy production were applied to ASR and degradation. It is shown that exergetic efficiency is a time-dependent function useful describing the thermal efficiency of a fuel cell and the change in thermal efficiency of a degrading fuel cell. Entropy production was evaluated for the cases of constant voltage operation and constant current operation of the fuel cell for a fuel cell undergoing ohmic degradation. It was discovered that the Gaussian hypergeometric function describes the cumulative entropy and electrical work produced by fuel cells operating at constant voltage. The Gaussian hypergeometric function is found in many applications in modern physics. This paper builds from and is an extension of several papers recently published by the authors in the Journal of The Electrochemical Society (ECS), ECS Transactions, Journal of Power Sources, and the Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology.
30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗