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Wildfire, Christina

Publications and source records attributed to Wildfire, Christina.

Microwave-Mediated ammonia synthesis over Co 2 Mo 3 N catalysts at low pressures

The Haber-Bosch process for ammonia (NH 3 ) synthesis is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and is responsible for > 2 % of the world’s energy consumption each year encouraging the need for alternative renewable-based options. Here, this study investigates an earth-abundant ternary metal nitride (i.e., Co 2 Mo 3 N) catalyst to develop a renewable-based NH 3 synthesis approach, utilizing an energy-efficient microwave-assisted route. Using a combination of spectroscopic and catalytic measurements coupled with surface analysis techniques, Co 2 Mo 3 N was evaluated as a stable and efficient NH 3 synthesis catalyst. Results presented here demonstrate NH 3 synthesis on Co 2 Mo 3 N at ~420 °C and ambient pressure yield ~0.7 mmolNH3.g cat -1 .h -1 and up to ~12 mmol NH3 .g cat -1 .h -1 at 28 bar under microwave irradiation. Co 2 Mo 3 N displayed an activation energy of ~72 kJ.mol -1 and yielded NH 3 following first-order kinetics with respect to both H 2 and N 2 . These studies illustrate the potential of using this catalyst for a sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly approach to producing NH 3 .

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Microwave-assisted ammonia decomposition over metal nitride catalysts at low temperatures

The negative environmental impact of fossil fuel-based energy systems has unveiled the need to develop a CO x -free sustainable hydrogen (H 2 ) economy. Employing a microwave-assisted route, a ternary metal nitride catalyst (i.e., Co 2 Mo 3 N), and a low-temperature-pressure NH 3 decomposition process, this study investigated the possibility of developing a distributed H 2 production process. Here, this study not only explored lower cost-based catalyst systems but also the use of a microwave reactor to increase the energy efficiency of the process. Results from catalytic NH 3 decomposition experiments, performed in microwave reactors on Co 2 Mo 3 N catalyst, demonstrated the peak energy efficiency (of ~0.006 kgH 2 /kWh) at 400 °C in ambient pressure (with an NH 3 conversion >90%) which was around ninety times (~90 x) more efficient than a conventional system. Activation energy calculation also displayed a 20% less energy requirement for the microwave-based process (~31 kJ mol -1 ) than the conventional system (~37 kJ mol -1 ), indicating the advantage of the microwave-based process. Further microwave-assisted catalytic measurements and characterization of the Co 2 Mo 3 N catalyst, using x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images, revealed the excellent stability of this material at its peak performance (at 400 °C) and illustrated the potential of using this catalyst for a sustainable, economic, and energy-efficient approach for producing CO x -free H 2 .

08 HYDROGEN↗

Electromagnetic field-assisted method for chemical conversion

Embodiments relate to methods for enhancing chemical conversions. One or more embodiments relate to a method for enhancing a multi-step chemical conversion reaction. The method includes providing a reactant mixture comprising one or more reacting specie(s); and providing a catalyst or sorbent comprising one or more support materials and one or more deposited catalytically active materials. The method further includes applying an electromagnetic field with a prescribed power, frequency, and pulsing strategy specific to interactions of reactant species and an electromagnetic field with at least one of the support materials, sorbent, and catalytically active materials in a particular chemical reaction.

Shekhawat, Dushyant↗