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Weinstein, Leonard M.

Publications and source records attributed to Weinstein, Leonard M..

34 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1993

Reflection-Type Oil-Film Skin-Friction Meter

Oil-film skin-friction meter for both flight and wind-tunnel applications uses internal reflection and is self-contained, compact unit. Contained in palm-sized housing, in which source of light, mirrors, and sensor mounted rigidly in alignment. Entire unit mounted rigidly under skin of aircraft or wind tunnel, eliminating any relative vibration between optical elements and skin of aircraft or wind tunnel. Meter primarily applicable to flight and wind-tunnel tests, also used in chemical-processing plants.

Bandyopadhyay, Promode R.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Aerodynamic investigation with focusing schlieren in a cryogenic wind tunnel

A flow visualization study was performed using a focusing schlieren system in the 0.3m Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center. The design employed proved to be a useful flow visualization tool for flows as low as M = 0.4. This study marked the first verification of the focusing schlieren technique in a major subsonic/transonic wind tunnel, and the first time that high quality, detailed pictures of high-Reynolds number flows were obtained in a cryogenic wind tunnel. This test was part of a development program to implement instrumentation techniques in cryogenic wind tunnels, with the ultimate aim to use them in the National Transonic Facility (NTF).

Gartenberg, Ehud↗
NASA NTRS1993

Reflection type skin friction meter

A housing block is provided having an upper surface conforming to the test surface of a model or aircraft. An oil film is supplied upstream of a transparent wedge window located in this upper surface by an oil pump system located external to the housing block. A light source located within the housing block supplies a light beam which passes through this transparent window and is reflected back through the transparent window by the upper surface of the oil film to a photo-sensitive position sensor located within the housing. This position sensor allows the slope history of the oil film caused by and aerodynamic flow to be determined. The skin friction is determined from this slope history. Internally located mirrors augment and sensitize the reflected beam as necessary before reaching the position sensor. In addition, a filter may be provided before this sensor to filter the beam.

Bandyopadhyay, Promode R.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Vaporizing particle velocimeter

A velocimeter measures flow characteristics of a flow traveling through a chamber in a given direction. Tracer particles are entrained in the flow and a source of radiant energy produces an output stream directed transversely to the chamber, having a sufficient intensity to vaporize the particles as they pass through the output stream. Each of the vaporized particles explodes to produce a shock wave and a hot core, and a flow visualization system tracks the motion of the hot cores and shock waves to measure the velocity of each tracer particle and the temperature of the flow around the tracer.

Weinstein, Leonard M.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Reducing Water/Hull Drag By Injecting Air Into Grooves

Proposed technique for reduction of friction drag on hydrodynamic body involves use of grooves and combinations of surfactants to control motion of layer on surface of such body. Surface contains many rows of side-by-side, evenly spaced, longitudinal grooves. Dimensions of grooves and sharpnesses of tips in specific case depends on conditions of flow about vessel. Requires much less air than does microbubble-injection method.

Reed, Jason C.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Hydrodynamic skin-friction reduction

A process for reducing skin friction, inhibiting the effects of liquid turbulence, and decreasing heat transfer in a system involving flow of a liquid along a surface of a body includes applying a substantially integral sheet of a gas, e.g., air, immediately adjacent to the surface of the body, e.g., a marine vehicle, which has a longitudinally grooved surface in proximity with the liquid and with a surface material having high contact angle between the liquid and said wall to reduce interaction of the liquid, e.g., water, with the surface of the body, e.g., the hull of the marine vehicle.

Reed, Jason C.↗
NASA NTRS1991

An improved large-field focusing schlieren system

The analysis and performance of a high-brightness large-field focusing schlieren system is described. The system can be used to examine complex two- and three-dimensional flows. Techniques are described to obtain focusing schlieren through distorting optical elements, to use multiple colors in a time multiplexing technique, and to use diffuse screen holography for three-dimensional photographs.

Weinstein, Leonard M.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Flow visualization

Flow visualization techniques are reviewed, with particular attention given to those applicable to liquid helium flows. Three techniques capable of obtaining qualitative and quantitative measurements of complex 3D flow fields are discussed including focusing schlieren, particle image volocimetry, and holocinematography (HCV). It is concluded that the HCV appears to be uniquely capable of obtaining full time-varying, 3D velocity field data, but is limited to the low speeds typical of liquid helium facilities.

Weinstein, Leonard M.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Hydrodynamic skin-friction reduction

A process for reducing skin friction, inhibiting the effects of liquid turbulence, and decreasing heat transfer in a system involving flow of a liquid along a surface of a body includes applying a substantially integral sheet of a gas, e.g., air, immediately adjacent to the surface of the body; a marine vehicle, which has a longitudinally grooved surface in proximity with the liquid and with a surface material having high contact angle between the liquid and said wall to reduce interaction of the liquid; water, with the surface of the body; and the hull of the marine vehicle.

Reed, Jason C.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Flow visualization study of grooved surface/surfactant/air sheet interaction

The effects of groove geometry, surfactants, and airflow rate have been ascertained by a flow-visualization study of grooved-surface models which addresses the possible conditions for skin friction-reduction in marine vehicles. It is found that the grooved surface geometry holds the injected bubble stream near the wall and, in some cases, results in a 'tube' of air which remains attached to the wall. It is noted that groove dimension and the use of surfactants can substantially affect the stability of this air tube; deeper grooves, surfactants with high contact angles, and angled air injection, are all found to increase the stability of the attached air tube, while convected disturbances and high shear increase interfacial instability.

Reed, Jason C.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Ice detector

An ice detector is provided for the determination of the thickness of ice on the outer surface on an object (e.g., aircraft) independently of temperature or the composition of the ice. First capacitive gauge, second capacitive gauge, and temperature gauge are embedded in embedding material located within a hollowed out portion of the outer surface. This embedding material is flush with the outer surface to prevent undesirable drag. The first capacitive gauge, second capacitive gauge, and the temperature gauge are respectively connected to first capacitive measuring circuit, second capacitive measuring circuit, and temperature measuring circuit. The geometry of the first and second capacitive gauges is such that the ratio of the voltage outputs of the first and second capacitance measuring circuits is proportional to the thickness of ice, regardless of ice temperature or composition. This ratio is determined by offset and dividing circuit.

Weinstein, Leonard M.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Liquid thickness gauge

A method and apparatus are developed to measure the thickness of a liquid on a surface independent of liquid conductivity. Two pairs of round, corrosion resistant wires are mounted in an insulating material such that the cross-sectional area of each wire is flush with and normal to the surface. The resistance between each pair of wires is measured using two ac resistance measuring circuits, in which the ratio of the outputs of the two resistance measuring circuits is indicative of the thickness of the liquid on the surface.

Weinstein, Leonard M.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Holocinematographic Velocimeter

Holographic movies used to study turbulent flows. High-speed movie composed of single-exposure holograms of tracer particles in each of two simultaneous orthogonal views of flow. Time resolution set by movie frame rate, and total time limited by length of movie. Data from system used to verify results of theoretical models and numerical simulations of turbulence, visualize and measure coherent structures in "non-simple" turbulent flows, to examine mechanisms operative in various turbulence-control/drag-reduction concepts.

Weinstein, Leonard M.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Flow measurements in a water tunnel using a holocinematographic velocimeter

Dual-view holographic movies were used to examine complex flows with full three-space and time resolution. This approach, which tracks the movement of small tracer particles in water, is termed holocinematographic velocimetry (HCV). A small prototype of a new water tunnel was used to demonstrate proof-of-concept for the HCV. After utilizing a conventional flow visualization apparatus with a laser light sheet to illuminate tracer particles to evaluate flow quality of the prototype tunnel, a simplified version of the HCV was employed to demonstrate the capabilities of the approach. Results indicate that a full-scale version of the water tunnel and a high performance version of the HCV should be able to check theoretical and numerical modeling of complex flows and examine the mechanisms operative in turbulent and vortex flow control concepts, providing an entirely unique instrument capable, for the first time, of simultaneous three-space and time measurements in turbulent flow.

Weinstein, Leonard M.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Holocinematographic velocimeter for measuring time-dependent, three-dimensional flows

Two simulatneous, orthogonal-axis holographic movies are made of tracer particles in a low-speed water tunnel to determine the time-dependent, three-dimensional velocity field. This instrument is called a Holocinematographic Velocimeter (HCV). The holographic movies are reduced to the velocity field with an automatic data reduction system. This permits the reduction of large numbers of holograms (time steps) in a reasonable amount of time. The current version of the HCV, built for proof-of-concept tests, uses low-frame rate holographic cameras and a prototype of a new type of water tunnel. This water tunnel is a unique low-disturbance facility which has minimal wall effects on the flow. This paper presents the first flow field examined by the HCV, the two-dimensional von Karman vortex street downstream of an unswept circular cylinder. Key factors in the HCV are flow speed, spatial and temporal resolution required, measurement volume, film transport speed, and laser pulse length. The interactions between these factors are discussed.

Beeler, George B.↗