Techno-economic and resource analysis of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel
Not Available
09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
Engineering topics
Wang, Wei-Cheng
Publications and source records attributed to Wang, Wei-Cheng.
Review of Biojet Fuel Conversion Technologies
Biomass-derived jet (biojet) fuel has become a key element in the aviation industry’s strategy to reduce operating costs and environmental impacts. Researchers from the oil-refining industry, the aviation industry, government, biofuel companies, agricultural organizations, and academia are working toward developing commercially viable and sustainable processes that produce long-lasting renewable jet fuels with low production costs and low greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, jet fuels must meet ASTM International specifications and potentially be a 100% drop-in replacement for the current petroleum jet fuel. The combustion characteristics and engine tests demonstrate the benefits of running the aviation gas turbine with biojet fuels. In this study, the current technologies for producing renewable jet fuels, categorized by alcohols-to-jet, oil-to-jet, syngas-to-jet, and sugar-to-jet pathways, are reviewed. The main challenges for each technology pathway, including feedstock availability, conceptual process design, process economics, life-cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions, and commercial readiness, are discussed. Although the feedstock price and availability and energy intensity of the process are significant barriers, biomass-derived jet fuel has the potential to replace a significant portion of conventional jet fuel required to meet commercial and military demand.
09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
Technoeconomic analysis of jet fuel production from hydrolysis, decarboxylation, and reforming of camelina oil
Not Available
Natelson, Robert H. (ORCID:0000000194300386)↗
Size- and Support-Dependent Evolution of the Oxidation State and Structure by Oxidation of Subnanometer Cobalt Clusters
Size-selected subnanometer cobalt clusters with 4, 7 and 27 cobalt atoms supported on amorphous alumina and ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) surfaces were oxidized after exposure to ambient air. Grazing incidence X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (GIXANES) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) used to characterize the clusters revealed a strong dependency of the oxidation state and structure of the clusters on the surface. A dominant Co2+ phase was identified in all samples. However, form XANES analysis, on UNCD about 10% fraction of Co0 phase was identified for all three cluster sizes and about 30% and 12% fraction of Co3+ phase in 4, 7 and 27 atoms, respectively. In the alumina-supported clusters, the dominating Co2+ component was attributed to cobalt aluminate, indicative of a very strong binding to the support. NEXAFS showed that in addition to strong binding of the clusters to alumina, their structure in great extent follows the tetrahedral morphology of the support. The supported clusters of all three sizes were found resistant to agglomeration when exposed to reactive gases at elevated temperatures and atmospheric pressure.
Yin, Chunrong↗
The potential application of ultra-nanocrystalline diamond films for heavy ion irradiation detection
The potential of utilizing the ultra-nanocrystalline (UNCD) films for detecting the Au-ion irradiation was investigated. When the fluence for Au-ion irradiation is lower than the critical value (f{sub c}= 5.0 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 12} ions/cm{sup 2}) the turn-on field for electron field emission (EFE) process of the UNCD films decreased systematically with the increase in fluence that is correlated with the increase in sp{sup 2}-bonded phase ({pi}{sup *}-band in EELS) due to the Au-ion irradiation. The EFE properties changed irregularly, when the fluence for Au-ion irradiation exceeds this critical value. The transmission electron microscopic microstructural examinations, in conjunction with EELS spectroscopic studies, reveal that the structural change preferentially occurred in the diamond-to-Si interface for the samples experienced over critical fluence of Au-ion irradiation, viz. the crystalline SiC phase was induced in the interfacial region and the thickness of the interface decreased. These observations implied that the UNCD films could be used as irradiation detectors when the fluence for Au-ion irradiation does not exceed such a critical value.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Properties of Disorder-Engineered Black Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles through Hydrogenation
The recent discovery of ‘‘black’’ TiO2 nanoparticles with visible and infrared absorption has triggered an explosion of interest in the application of TiO2 in a diverse set of solar energy systems; however, what a black TiO2 nanoparticle really is remains a mystery. Here we elucidate more properties and try to understand the inner workings of black TiO2 nanoparticles with hydrogenated disorders in a surface layer surrounding a crystalline core. Contrary to traditional findings, Ti31 here is not responsible for the visible and infrared absorption of black TiO2, while there is evidence of mid-gap states above the valence band maximum due to the hydrogenated, engineered disorders. The hydrogen atoms, on the other hand, can undergo fast diffusion and exchange. The enhanced hydrogen mobility may be explained by the presence of the hydrogenated, disordered surface layer. This unique structure thus may give TiO2, one of the most-studied oxide materials, a renewed potential.
NANOPARTICLES↗
Effects of high energy Au-ion irradiation on the microstructure of diamond films
The effects of 2.245 GeV Au-ion irradiation and subsequent annealing processes on the evolution of microstructure of diamond films with microcrystalline (MCD) or ultra-nanocrystalline (UNCD) granular structure were investigated, using near edge x-ray absorption fine structure and electron energy loss spectroscopy in transmission electron microscopy. For MCD films, the Au-ion irradiation disintegrated some of the diamond grains, resulting in the formation of nano-sized carbon clusters embedded in a matrix of amorphous carbon (a-C). The annealing process recrystallized the diamond grains and converted the a-C into nano-sized graphite particulates and, at the same time, induced the formation of nano-sized i-carbon clusters, the bcc structured carbon with a{sub 0} = 0.432 nm. In contrast, for UNCD films, the Au-ion irradiation transformed the grain boundary phase into nano-sized graphite, but insignificantly altered the crystallinity of the grains of the UNCD films. The annealing process recrystallized the materials. In some of the regions, the residual a-C phases were transformed into nano-sized graphites, whereas in other regions i-carbon nanoclusters were formed. The difference in irradiation-induced microstructural transformation behavior between the MCD and the UNCD films is ascribed to the different granular structures of the two types of films.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗