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Upendra N Singh

Publications and source records attributed to Upendra N Singh.

At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2024

Proceedings of the Quantum Sensing Workshop, September 2022

To understand the NASA needs for quantum-sensing technologies and the capabilities developed internal and external to NASA, a workshop was held on September 27 through 29, 2022, in Newport News, VA. This workshop brought together senior leadership within NASA, technical experts within the quantum sensing community, NASA scientists and potential end-users of quantum-sensing technologies, and external stakeholders. This document contains the papers and presentations given at the Workshop.

Quantum Sensing↗
NASA NTRS2023

ISS Universal Waste Management System (UWMS) Optical Sensor: Phase 2

Collins Aerospace has delivered a new Universal Waste Management System (UWMS) to the International Space Station (ISS), which is not operational, partially due to a faulty urine pretreat concentration sensor. The ISS Program requested help from the NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) in developing such a sensor. The first phase of this effort was to determine if an optical approach was feasible. The second Phase, the topic of this report, was to determine the impact of ISS water contaminants and pretreat aging on the performance of the sensor and to design, construct, and test a prototype sensor.

International Space Station↗
NASA NTRS2018

TPSAS-NF1676L-30074-DND

NASA is at forefront in developing unique active/passive remote sensing capabilities towards space-based observations for understanding the complexities and interactions among Earth system components. The world is facing significant environmental challenges and a robust, integrated, and flexible system of observations and models are needed for understanding the short-and long-term impact on the Earth system. A fundamental challenge for the coming decade is to ensure that space-based observations, analyses, better interpretive understanding, enhanced predictive models, broadened international community participation, and improved means for information assimilation and disseminations are well coordinated to realize the full economic, societal, and security benefit of Earth science. This presentation will provide an overview of active/passive remote sensing technologies and techniques from ground and space towards NASA’s future vision for Earth science missions for global observations, and the challenges associated in applying them for societal benefit.

Upendra N Singh↗
NASA NTRS2010

TPSAS-NF1676L-10746-DND

This paper presents the design, development, and field testing of a high sensitivity ground-based Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) system that was developed under the NASA Instrument Incubator Program. The investigation presents a significant advancement towards the development of future CO2 profiling capability as it incorporates key elements of technologies needed for a future development of global CO2 measuring systems including: (1) 2-μm laser technologies that have been developed under a number of NASA programs including the Laser Risk Reduction Program (LRRP) (2) A novel high quantum efficiency (QE), high gain (without excess noise factor), and low noise phototransistor, and (3) Direct detection DIAL system using a large collection area receiver that is insensitive to speckle and coherence length effects from atmospheric turbulence that influences heterodyne detection systems. The objective of the project was a system TRL of 4, and the goal was TRL 5. Development and testing of the laser, new detector, and receiver systems during the project, integration into a complete lidar system into a trailer, field testing of system at West Branch, IA and comparison of the lidar CO2 measurements with in situ sensors advanced the system to a TRL of 5. The system demonstrated high vertical resolution CO2 profiling capability within the boundary layer and column measurements to long ranges. This is the first direct detection demonstration of a 2-micron CO2 DIAL high vertical resolution capability from instrument concept to field demonstration.

Syed Ismail↗
NASA NTRS2010

TPSAS-NF1676L-10206-DND

NASA is at fore-front in developing active and passive remote sensing technologies and unique capabilities towards space-based observations for understanding the complexities and interactions among Earth system components. The world is facing significant environmental challenges and a robust, integrated, and flexible system of observations and models are needed for understanding the short-and long term impact on the Earth system. A fundamental challenge for the coming decade is to ensure that space-based observations, analyses, better interpretive understanding, enhanced predictive models, broadened international community participation, and improved means for information assimilation and disseminations are well coordinated to realize the full economic, societal, and security benefit of Earth science. This presentation will provide an overview of NASA?s future vision for Earth science missions for global observations and the challenges associated in applying them for societal benefit.

Upendra N Singh↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

TPSAS-NF1676L-14096-DND

This technology development was initiated during NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) funded Laser Risk Reduction Program (LRRP) with the objective to develop a Thulium (Tm) fiber laser pumped Holmium (Ho) solid-state laser that generates laser pulses in the 2?m wavelength for pulsed CO2 DIAL/IPDA instrument. The key performance characteristics of this laser, such as energy, pulse repetition rate, pulse width, efficiency, frequency accuracy and stability, will meet or exceed the needs of the NASA Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Night, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) transmitter as currently envisioned. This space qualifiable laser architecture utilizes fiber laser and solid-state crystal laser technologies. One of the outstanding properties of the fiber laser is its efficiency. However, it inherently has low damage threshold at high energy pulses. On the other hand, the solid state laser has the capability to produce Joule-level energy at 2?m wavelength. The proposed laser combines the advantages of both lasers to provide the desired energy with high efficiency.

Upendra N Singh↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

TPSAS-NF1676L-18834-DND

This presentation will give an overview of the 20-plus years of pulsed transmit laser development at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) to enable a coherent Doppler wind lidar to measure global winds from earth orbit. Our group at LaRC has been developing the pulsed laser and other coherent lidar technologies for the global wind mission since the late 1980s. The causal path followed has been from space mission requirements to coherent lidar requirements to component requirements to technology development and finally to ground and aircraft validation. We will describe the development and deployment of Doppler Aerosols Wind Lidar (DAWN) for airborne measurement of wind velocity and direction. The will also present the status of ongoing fully conductively-cooled 2-micron wind lidar transmitter for NASA 3-D winds mission.

Upendra N Singh↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA's Future Earth Science Missions for Global Observations

NASA is at fore-front in developing active and passive remote sensing technologies and unique capabilities towards space-based observations for understanding the complexities and interactions among Earth system components. The world is facing significant environmental challenges and a robust, integrated, and flexible system of observations and models are needed for understanding the short-and long term impact on the Earth system. A fundamental challenge for the coming decade is to ensure that space-based observations, analyses, better interpretive understanding, enhanced predictive models, broadened international community participation, and improved means for information assimilation and disseminations are well coordinated to realize the full economic, societal, and security benefit of Earth science. This presentation will provide an overview of enabling active and passive remote sensing technologies and techniques, NASA's future vision for Earth science missions for global observations, and the challenges associated in applying them for societal benefit.

Upendra N Singh↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

TPSAS-NF1676L-27491-DND

NASA is at fore-front in developing lidar technologies and unique active/passive remote sensing capabilities towards space-based observations for understanding the complexities and interactions among Earth system components. The world is facing significant environmental challenges and a robust, integrated, and flexible system of observations and models are needed for understanding the short-and long term impact on the Earth system. A fundamental challenge for the coming decade is to ensure that space-based observations, analyses, better interpretive understanding, enhanced predictive models, broadened international community participation, and improved means for information assimilation and disseminations are well coordinated to realize the full economic, societal, and security benefit of Earth science. This presentation will provide an overview of enabling lidar technologies and techniques from ground and space towards NASA's future vision for Earth science missions for global observations, and the challenges associated in applying them for societal benefit.

Upendra N Singh↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

TPSAS-NF1676L-28151-DND

The proposed suborbital mission is to collect and analyze observations to help improve our ability to model and forecast these crucial monsoonal transports and their downstream effects. The objectives are 1) to observe and relate convective-scale to meso-scale changes in the three-dimensional circulation with the efficiency of the resulting convective transports (of air mass and heat) and the build-up of the large-scale anomalies, as they are modulated by the three-dimensional structure of the aerosol loading; and 2) to observe how fluctuations in the monsoon large-scale upper-level outflow affect downstream convection, especially within AEWs. The observations will be tailor-made to help understand the controls of the northward march of the monsoon isochrones, the initiation and magnitude of heat towers over the subcontinent during the monsoon, and how the mostly zonal land-sea differential heating interacts with the meridional progress of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) to constrain the intensities of the northern and western outflows. Unique contributions will be made by two airborne instruments, operated in concert: NASA-LARC's Doppler Aerosol Wind Lidar (DAWN) coherent-detection wind lidar which uses a pulsed laser with a wavelength of about two microns to measure vertical profiles of the three dimensional components of the wind field, and JPL's Airborne Second Generation Precipitation Radar (APR-2) precipitation radar which measures the three-dimensional structure of rain within a swath that is about10km wide (depending on the altitude of the plane) and extends from flight level down to the surface.

Upendra N Singh↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

TPSAS-NF1676L-11930-DND

Under the NASA Laser Risk Reduction Program (LRRP), funded by Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO), an efficient, injection seeded, high repetition rate Tm:fiber laser pumped Ho:YLF laser has been developed and operation between 100 Hz to 10 kHz has been demonstrated. The work is underway to develop an efficient, high-repetition-rate, pulsed, 2-micron, coherent Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) / Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) instrument for measuring the atmospheric CO2 profiles (DIAL) and column densities (IPDA) from an airborne platform. In DIAL mode, this instrument will provide the first ever range-resolved, high-precision, remote measurements of the CO2 content of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and lower troposphere.

Upendra N Singh↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

TPSAS-NF1676L-11931-DND

Researchers at NASA Langley Research Center have developed an efficient, high repetition rate, pulsed, 2-µm coherent DIAL/IPDA transmitter for CO2 measurements. This transmitter will be employed to measure atmospheric CO2 profiles (by DIAL) initially from a ground platform, and then measure both the atmospheric CO2 profiles (by DIAL) and column densities (by IPDA) from an airborne platform with the potential for measuring CO2 column density from a space-borne platform. The transmitter consists of a pulsed Q-switched ring-cavity Ho:YLF laser operating at 2.05 micron, being pumped by a Tm:fiber laser. The repetition rate can be adjusted from a few hundred Hz to 10 kHz with corresponding energy of 25 to 1 mJ, respectively. This transmitter can be used for direct or coherent detection of CO2 from ground, air or space-borne platform, as it is capable of providing required energy/repetition rate even from space platform. This presentation will describe the details of the injection-seeded highrepetition rate 2-micron transmitter and demonstrate its flexibility for direct or coherent detection of CO2.

Upendra N Singh↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The Role of NASA Engineering & Safety Center (NESC) in Advancing NASA’s Astrophysics Missions (Past, Present, and Future)

The NASA Engineering & Safety Center (NESC) was established in 2003 (after the Columbia accident) to provide an independent technical resource for the resolution of challenging technical problems (through the use of studies, analysis, tests, etc.) for NASA programs and projects. Since its inception, NESC has completed nearly 1000 technical assessments for NASA’s Human Exploration and Operation Mission Directorate (HEOMD), Science Mission Directorate (SMD), Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD), and Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD). Of the SMD related assessments, several were for the resolution of technical problems, analysis, or studies related to NASA’s astrophysics missions in various phases of the project from design to operation. Some of the recent examples of NESC technical support for NASA astrophysics missions have been for: Hubble Space Telescope (HST), Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Kepler Space Telescope, Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), and Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). In this paper, we outline some of the technical challenges faced by these astrophysics missions and describe how NESC contributed to their resolution. The case studies cover a wide range of disciplines involving space telescopes, detectors, lasers, and attitude control systems. These efforts include innovative solutions for extending the life of the missions, technical resolution of challenging problems, strategies for risk mitigation, and failure investigations combined with lessons learned reports to advance discipline knowledge, enhance NASA capabilities, and avoid future problems.

NASA↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Carbon Dioxide Active Remote Sensing Using Pulsed 2-µm Lidar

A pulsed 2-µm Integrate Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) lidar was developed at NASA Langley Research Center for high-accuracy and high-precision measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The instrument targets the R30 CO 2 absorption line and implements high-energy tunable on-line transmitter and advanced HgCdTe avalanche photodiode receiver. During 2019 airborne validation campaign, the IPDA was tested over the ocean for retrieving the weighted-average column dry-air volume mixing ratio of CO 2 (XCO 2 ) from 4.5 km altitude. XCO 2 measurement resulted in 404.43 ± 1.23 ppm using 10 s average, as compared to 405.49 ppm from prediction models. This translates to 0.26% and 0.30% relative accuracy and precision, respectively. Performance models were updated to scale the IPDA technology assuming operation from space platform. Results present XCO 2 measurements using the instrument capabilities considering different target scenarios for Earth’s surface. This demonstrates the potential for the IPDA technique and technology to achieve sustained global CO 2 measurement.

Active Remote Sensing↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Active Optical Remote Sensing Sensors and Instrumentation for NASA’s Future Earth and Space Science Measurements/Missions

STRIVES Entry: 20230013683, Abstract—Active optical (Laser/Lidar) measurement techniques are critical for the future National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth, Planetary Science, Exploration, and Aeronautics measurements. The latest science decadal surveys recommend several missions requiring active optical systems to meet the science measurement objectives and the aeronautics community continues to use Laser/Lidar technologies to meet the aeronautics measurement objectives. This presentation will provide an overview of NASA efforts in developing and maturing state-of-the-art advanced solid-state flight laser/lidar systems for airborne and space-borne remote sensing measurements. The presentation will also provide details of a strategic approach for active optical technologies and techniques to meet the NASA’s future Earth and Space Science measurements/missions needs and requirements for space-based applications.

NASA's Future↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA Sensors and Instrumentation: Driving Technologies to Enable an Innovative and Prosperous Future

The NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) stems from the NASA Office of the Chief Engineer and is dedicated to conducting discipline specific gap analyses to identify areas for strategic investment; leading in-depth investigations of the state of the discipline and providing recommendations to senior NASA management on investment, divestment, and consolidation; and providing input to strategic planning and roadmap activities for 20 distinct disciplines, including Sensors and Instrumentation. The Sensors and Instrumentation discipline, which includes optics and photonics, is critical to ensuring the health and safety of NASA’s missions, as well as providing innovative solutions that enable future discovery.

Sensors↗