Requirements and R&D for detectors at the future Electron–Ion Collider
The Electron–Ion Collider’s (EIC’s) ability to collide high-energy electron beams with high-energy ion beams will provide access to those regions in the nucleon and nuclei where their structure is dominated by gluons. Moreover, polarized beams in the EIC will give unique access to the spatial and spin structure of gluons and sea-quarks in the proton and light nuclei. The EIC will be an unprecedented collider with luminosities 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than previous e + p colliders over a very wide range of center-of-mass energies, from 20 to 140 GeV, while accommodating highly polarized electron and nucleon beams. Equally demanding are the requirements for the detector(s) that will be needed to carry out the physics program: hermetic coverage in tracking, calorimetry and particle ID within a wide pseudorapidity range, substantial angular and momentum acceptance in the hadron-going direction, as well as high quality hadronic calorimetry among others. Finally, this paper gives a brief overview of the detector requirements, current general-purpose detector concepts, and the ongoing EIC detector R&D efforts.