Role of Catalytic Conversions of Ethylene Carbonate, Water, and HF in Forming the Solid-Electrolyte Interphase of Li-Ion Batteries
Not Available
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Engineering topics
Strmcnik, Dusan
Publications and source records attributed to Strmcnik, Dusan.
Emergent solvation phenomena in non-aqueous electrolytes with multiple anions
As the search for new battery chemistries with higher capacities and more stable supply chains expands, requiring increasingly complex electrolytes with multiple solvents and anions, it is becoming clear that understanding and controlling the working cation solvation structure is key to enabling improved stability and reversibility. In this work, we discover an emergent solvation behavior in multivalent electrolytes containing multiple anions, where bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (TFSI⁻) anions that are fully dissociated in isolation form contact ion pairs with Zn 2+ when combined with more strongly coordinating halides. This coordination modifies the electrochemical response, activating additional redox species as the halide association strength weakens (i.e., Cl⁻ > Br⁻ > I⁻) and systematically lowering overpotentials for metal deposition. This work suggests a completely new framework for electrolyte design in which anion chemistry can be used to tune both the bulk speciation and the interfacial solvation structure, enabling profound changes to the electrochemical behavior of the system.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Scalable Pt cluster and RuO 2 heterojunction anode catalysts
A synthesis process for forming nanodendrites. The nanodendrites are utilized in a process to form a heterojunction catalyst. Nanodendrites may include PtRu 8 nanodendrites that can be oxidized through annealing to form PtRuO 2 . One heterojunction catalyst comprises PtRuO 2 on a carbon support.
Stamenkovic, Vojislav↗
Melamine modification of fuel cell electrodes
A method for forming a melamine-modified electrode that includes providing a metal based electrode and patterning a surface of the metal-based electrode by contacting the electrode with a melamine solution to form a patterned metal-based electrode. The patterned metal-based electrode includes metal sites blocked with melamine molecules and metal sites which are not blocked such that the metal-based electrode selectively adsorbs O2 instead of at least one of sulfate, phosphate, or sulphonate. A range of 20% to 40% of the metal sites are blocked with melamine molecules.
Strmcnik, Dusan↗
Batteries (2021 Annual Progress Report)
This document summarizes the progress of VTO battery R&D projects supported during the fiscal year 2021 (FY 2021). In FY 2021, the DOE VTO battery R&D funding was approximately $\$$115 million. Its R&D focus was on the development of high-energy batteries for EVs as well as very high-power devices for hybrid vehicles. The electrochemical energy storage roadmap (which can be found at the EERE Roadmap web page2) describes ongoing and planned efforts to develop electrochemical storage technologies for EVs. To advance battery technology, which can in turn improve market penetration of PEVs, the program investigates various battery chemistries to overcome specific technical barriers, e.g., battery cost, performance, life (both the calendar life and the cycle life), its tolerance to abusive conditions, and its recyclability/sustainability. VTO R&D has had considerable success, lowering the cost of EV battery packs to $\$$185/kWh in 2019 (representing more than 80% reduction since 2008) yet even further cost reduction is necessary for EVs to achieve head-to-head cost competitiveness with ICEs (without Federal subsidies). In addition, today’s batteries also need improvements in such areas as their ability to accept charging at a high rate, referred to as extreme fast charging (XFC) (15 minute charge) – to provide a “refueling” convenience similar to ICEs, and the ability to operate adequately at low temperatures. Research into “next-gen lithium-ion” batteries which would provide such functionalities is one of the R&D focus areas. VTO is funding research on both “next gen” chemistries (which employ an alloy anode and/or a high voltage cathode) and beyond lithium-ion (BLI) chemistries (which can, for example, employ a lithium metal anode).
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Aqueous manganese ion battery
An alternative grid energy storage system is described herein. In one embodiment, an electrochemical cell comprises a high specific surface area cathode (e.g., a cathode comprising a carbon nanofoam paper, a carbon nanotube mesh, a particulate carbon material, electrolytic manganese dioxide, or a manganese dioxide film), a zinc or lead anode (e.g., Zn or Pb foil), a selective ion-conductive separator that does not conduct zinc ions (e.g., a NAFION sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer separator) between the anode and the cathode, and an aqueous electrolyte comprising a manganese salt (e.g., aqueous manganese sulfate) contacting the electrodes and the separator. A battery comprising two or more of the electrochemical cells electrically connected together in series, parallel, or both, also is described.
Tepavcevic, Sanja↗