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Strauss, T.

Publications and source records attributed to Strauss, T..

Mechanical Design of the PIP-II ORBUMP Pulsed Dipole Magnet

The Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) is a vital upgrade to Fermilab's accelerator complex. The upgrade is designed to power the world s most intense high-energy neutrino beam in future experiments. The magnet pulse repetition rate of the PIP-II injection system is being upgraded from 15 Hz to 20 Hz and requires a roughly 30% increase in the magnetic field of the new Orbital Bump (ORBUMP) magnets in the Booster. The magnet is secured in a vacuum box and the core is made up of 0.127 mm thick, low carbon steel laminations with a C-5 inorganic coating. The core is clamped using external tie bars welded to the core end plates. ANSYS Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used to evaluate the clamping design to minimize the deflection of the core post welding of the tie bars. The water-cooled single turn coil is electrically isolated from the core using virgin PEEK insulating material in the gap. An investigation into the high voltage performance of the virgin PEEK insulator was conducted. The design of the coil which shapes the magnetic field by acting as the pole tips is critical for the integrated field homogeneity. The coil manufacturing tolerances and fabrication techniques were evaluated to ensure the magnetic properties of the magnet could be obtained. The ORBUMP magnet mechanical design is presented in this paper.

Karas, Dino [Fermilab] (ORCID:0000000304340670)↗

First results of AUP Nb3Sn quadrupole horizontal tests

The Large Hadron Collider will soon undergo an upgrade to increase its luminosity by a factor of ~10 [1]. A crucial part of this upgrade will be replacement of the NbTi focusing magnets with Nb3Sn magnets that achieve a ~50% increase in the field strength. This will be the first ever large-scale implementation of Nb3Sn magnets in a particle accelerator. The High-Luminosity LHC Upgrade, HL-LHC is a CERN project with a world-wide collaboration. It is under construction and utilizes Nb3Sn Magnets (named MQXF) as key ingredients to increase tenfold the integrated luminosity delivered to the CMS and ATLAS experiments in the next decade. The HL-LHC AUP is the US effort to contribute approximately 50% of the low-beta focusing magnets and crab cavities for the HL-LHC. This paper will present the program to fabricate the Nb3Sn superconducting magnets. We are reporting the status of the HL-LHC AUP project present the results from horizontal tests of the first fully assembled cryo-assembly.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

AUP First Pre-Series Cryo-Assembly Design Production and Test Overview

New high field and large-aperture quadrupole magnets for the low-beta inner triplets (Q1, Q2, Q3) have been built and tested as part of the high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). These new quadrupole magnets are based on Nb3Sn superconducting technology. The US Accelerator Upgrade Project (US-AUP) is producing the Q1 and Q3 Cryo-Assemblies: a pair of ~5 m long magnet structures installed in a stainless-steel helium vessel (Cold Mass) and surrounded by cryostat shields, piping, and a vacuum vessel. In conclusion, this paper gives an overview of the design, production, and the results of the horizontal test of the first pre-series Q1/Q3 Cryo-Assembly.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Quench Performance of the First Pre-series AUP Cryo-assembly

The High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN will include eight cryo-assemblies that are expected to be fabricated and delivered to CERN by the US HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) as part of the U.S. contributions to the HL-LHC. These cryostat assemblies are the quadrupole magnetic components of the HL-LHC Q1 and Q3 inner triplet optical elements in front of the two interaction points. Each cryo-assembly consists of two 4.2 m long Nb 3 Sn quadrupole magnets with aperture 150 mm and operating gradient 132.6 T/m. The first pre-series cryo-assembly has been fabricated and successfully tested at the horizontal test facility at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Here in this manuscript we report the quench test results of the LQXFA/B-01 cryo-assembly. The primary objective of the horizontal test is full cryo-assembly qualification and validation of the performance requirements.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Magnetic Measurements and Alignment Results of LQXFA/B Cold Mass Assemblies at Fermilab

MQXFA production series quadrupole magnets are being built for the Hi-Lumi (HL) LHC upgrade by the U.S. Accelerator Upgrade Project (US-HL-LHC AUP). These magnets are being placed in pairs, as a cold mass, within cryostats at Fermilab, and are being tested to assess alignment and magnetic performance at Fermilab's horizontal test stand facility. The ~10 m - long assembly must meet stringent specifications for quadrupole strength and harmonic field integrals determination, magnetic axis position, and for magnet variations in positioning and local field profile. Here this paper describes the results of the magnetic and alignment measurements which characterize the first LQXFA/B assembly.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

AUP first Pre-Series Cold Mass Installation into the Cryostat

For the HiLumi LHC Upgrade (HL-LHC), new high field and large-aperture quadrupole magnets for the low-beta inner triplets (Q1, Q2, Q3) are being built. These new quadrupole magnets are based on Nb3Sn superconducting technology. As part of the US-HiLumi Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP), ten Cryostat Assemblies (LQXFA) for Q1 and Q3 replacement will be built, tested, and delivered to CERN. The first LQXFA was assembled and tested at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) during fall 2022 and spring/summer 2023, respectively. This paper summarizes the assembly process and experience of the first LQXFA Cryostat Assembly at FNAL.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Analysis of the MQXFA Low Beta Quadrupoles for HL-LHC after 50% magnet assembly complete +

The US HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) is fabricating the MQXFA magnets to be used in the Q1 and Q3 Inner Triplet elements of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). This is the first production of Nb3Sn magnets for a particle accelerator, together with the MQXFB magnets for Q2a and Q2b. Here we show status and some results of MQXFA magnets fabrication and vertical test.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

AUP first Pre-series Cold Mass Installation into the Cryostat

For the Hi-Lumi LHC Upgrade (HL-LHC) new high field and large-aperture quadrupole magnets for the low-beta inner triplets (Q1, Q2, Q3) are being built. These new quadrupole magnets are based on Nb3Sn superconducting technology. As part of the US-HiLumi Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) ten Cryostat Assemblies (LQXFA) for Q1 and Q3 replacement will be built, tested and delivered to CERN. The first of the LQXFA was assembled and tested at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) during the fall of 2022 and spring 2023. We will present the integration work of the Cold Mass assembly into the Cryostat Kit provided by CERN. Each Cold Mass contains two trained MQXFA magnets of ~ 5 m length installed in a stainless-steel helium pressure vessel. The Cold Mass will be surrounded by cryostat shields, piping, and vacuum vessel. We will discuss the metrology survey results and present the LQXFA measurements prior testing at the Fermilab Magnet Test facility and lessons learned.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Challenges and Lessons Learned From Fabrication, Testing, and Analysis of Eight MQXFA Low Beta Quadrupole Magnets for HL-LHC

By the end of October 2022, the US HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) had completed fabrication of ten MQXFA magnets and tested eight of them. The MQXFA magnets are the low-beta quadrupole magnets to be used in the Q1 and Q3 Inner Triplet elements of the High Luminosity LHC. This AUP effort is shared by BNL, Fermilab, and LBNL, with strand verification tests at NHMFL. An important step of the AUP QA plan is the testing of MQXFA magnets in a vertical cryostat at BNL. The acceptance criteria that could be tested at BNL were all met by the first four production magnets (MQXFA03-MQXFA06). Subsequently, two magnets (MQXFA07 and MQXFA08) did not meet some of the criteria and were disassembled. Furthermore, lessons learned during the disassembly of MQXFA07 caused a revision to the assembly specifications that were used for MQXFA10 and subsequent magnets. In this article, we present a summary of 1) the fabrication and test data for all the MQXFA magnets; 2) the analysis of MQXFA07/A08 test results with characterization of the limiting mechanism; 3) the outcome of the investigation, including the lessons learned during MQXFA07 disassembly; and 4) the finite element analysis correlating observations with test performance.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Status and Challenges of the Interaction Region Magnets for HL-LHC

About one hundred magnets of six different types shall be installed in the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) in the years 2026-2028 at CERN. The magnets design, construction and test are based on CERN collaborations with institutes and industrial partners in USA, Spain, Italy, Japan and China. Three types of correctors are based on Nb-Ti technology and feature conductor peak fields in the 2 to 4 T range: for all of them the prototype phase has been successfully completed. The production is well advanced for the superferric correctors, and is starting for the canted cosine theta correctors and for the nested correctors. The separation and recombination Nb-Ti dipoles D1 and D2, with a 4.5-6 T bore field range, are both in the prototype phase after the completion of the short model program. The most challenging magnet, the Nb 3 Sn quadrupole with conductor peak field above 11 T, is in the prototype phase at CERN and halfway through the production phase in the USA. In this paper we will give, for each type of magnet, an overview of the main achievements obtained so far and we will outline the technical points still needing validation from the prototype program.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

US HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project: MQXFA11 shipping incident report

The truck transporting the MQXFA11 magnet from LBNL to BNL was involved in an accident on 7/20/22. It was rear ended by another truck. Drivers were not injured. The main hit took place on the right back corner. The truck with the MQXFA11 magnet was towed to a tow yard in Rockdale, IL (~50 min drive from Fermilab). Subsequently, it was moved on another truck and moved to Fermilab. Fermilab employees added 3 accelerometers on the crate before it was moved on the new truck and attended all loading/unloading operations at the tow yard and at FNAL. The magnet arrived at FNAL on July 28 th . Upon arrival a visual inspection was performed. Accelerometers were removed and shock data were analyzed. Electrical checkout and a metrology survey were carried out. Strain data were also collected from the fiber optics installed on two coils and compared with data obtained before shipment. This report presents a summary of results. More pictures and details can be found at: https://indico.fnal.gov/event/55698/

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

MQXFA11 shipping incident report

The truck transporting the MQXFA11 magnet from LBNL to BNL was involved in an accident on 7/20/22. It was rear ended by another truck. The magnet arrived at FNAL on July 28th. Upon arrival a visual inspection was performed. Accelerometers were removed and shock data were analyzed. Electrical checkout and a metrology survey were carried out. Strain data were also collected from the fiber optics installed on two coils and compared with data obtained before shipment. This report presents a summary of results.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Magnetic Measurements of $\mathrm{HL-LHC AUP}$ Cryo-Assemblies at Fermilab

LQXFA/B production series cryogenic assemblies are being built for the LHC upgrade by the HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP). These contain a pair of MQXFA quadrupole magnets combined as a cold mass within a vacuum vessel, and are to be installed in the IR regions of the LHC. The LQXFA/B are being tested at 1.9 K to assess alignment and magnetic performance at Fermilab's horizontal test facility. The ~10 m long assembly must meet stringent specifications for quadrupole strength and harmonic field integrals determination, magnetic axis location, and for variations in axis position and local field profiles. A multi-probe, PCB-based rotating coil and a Single Stretched Wire system are employed for these measurements. To accurately determine rotating coil location and angles within the cold mass, a laser tracker is utilized to record multiple targets at one end of the probe. Here this paper describes the measurements, probes/equipment, and techniques used to perform the necessary characterization of the cold mass.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Design of the Fermilab Pre-Series Cold Mass for the HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project

Here as part of the U.S. contribution to the HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP), Fermilab is designing and building cold masses suitable for use in the LHC interaction regions. The cold mass provides a vacuum-tight helium enclosure for the magnets. Two magnets are aligned both axially and in cross section at Fermilab based on survey and warm magnetic measurements. Bus work and instrumentation is added. A welded stainless steel vacuum-tight shell surrounds the two magnets, and the structure is prepared for insertion into the cryostat. This paper summarizes the design of the cold mass including alignment, bus work, weld details, and instrumentation.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Software Architecture and Hardware Organization in Mu2e Solenoid Field Mapping System

Herein, the Mu2e field mapping system is designed to produce high accuracy field maps of the detector solenoid used in the experiment. The data acquisition system is mobile and uses a self-propelled mapper with rotating arms equipped with 3D Hall probes. The measurements require not only accurate magnetic field readouts, but also accurate locations of all Hall probes while measuring data. The latter is accomplished by using the laser tracker to measure positions of several retroreflectors on the field mapper during data acquisition. The measurement process requires scanning the whole space inside the large solenoid and takes many hours to complete, which necessitates its full automation. The automation software includes control of the mapper, readout of Hall and NMR probes and control of a laser tracker, including prediction of retroreflector positions and execution of quality control checks. The software architecture and data acquisition hardware of the field mapping system are described, with special attention given to control of the laser tracker and its integration with the rest of the system.

3d hall probes↗

Magnetic Measurements of HL-LHC AUP Cryo-Assemblies at Fermilab

LQXFA/B production series cryogenic assemblies are being built for the LHC upgrade by the HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP). These contain a pair of MQXFA quadrupole magnets combined as a cold mass within a vacuum vessel, and are to be installed in the IR regions of the LHC. The LQXFA/B are being tested at 1.9 K to assess alignment and magnetic performance at Fermilab's horizontal test facility. The ~10 m - long assembly must meet stringent specifications for quadrupole strength and harmonic field integrals determination, magnetic axis location, and for variations in axis position and local field profile. A multi-probe, PCB-based rotating coil and Single Stretched Wire system are employed for these measurements. To accurately determine rotating coil location and angles within the cold mass, a laser tracker is utilized to record multiple targets at one end of the probe. This paper describes the measurements, probes/equipment, and techniques used to perform the necessary characterization of the cold mass.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗