Core level spectroscopies locate hydrogen in the proton transfer pathway - identifying quasi-symmetrical hydrogen bonds in the solid state
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99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
Engineering topics
Stevens, J
Publications and source records attributed to Stevens, J.
Swelling of U(Mo)–Al(Si) dispersion fuel under irradiation – Non-destructive analyses of the LEONIDAS E-FUTURE plates
In the framework of the elimination of High-Enriched Uranium (HEU) from the civil circuit, the search for an appropriate fuel to replace the high-enriched research reactor fuel in those reactors that currently still require it for their operation has led to the development of a U–7 wt.%Mo alloy based dispersion fuel with an Al–Si matrix. The European LEONIDAS program, joining SCK-CEN, ILL, CEA and AREVA-CERCA, is aimed at the qualification of such a fuel for the use in high power conditions. The first experiment of the program, designated E-FUTURE, was performed to select the appropriate matrix Si concentration and fuel plate post-production heat treatment parameters for further qualification. It consisted of the irradiation of four distinct (4% and 6% Si, 3 different heat treatments) full size, flat fuel plates in the BR2 reactor. The irradiation conditions were relatively severe: 470 W/cm2 peak BOL power, with an approximate 70% 235U peak burnup.
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
EVOLUTION OF THE PARSEC-SCALE STRUCTURE OF PKS 1934-638 REVISITED: FIRST SCIENCE WITH THE ASKAP AND NEW ZEALAND TELESCOPES
We have studied the archetypal Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum radio galaxy, PKS 1934 - 638, using the Australian Long Baseline Array augmented with two new telescopes that greatly improve the angular resolution of the array. These very long baseline interferometry observations represent the first scientific results from a new antenna in New Zealand and the first antenna of the Australian SKA Pathfinder. A compact double radio source, PKS 1934 - 638 has been monitored over a period of 40 years and the observation described here provides the latest datum, eight years after the previous observation, to aid in the study of the long-term evolution of the source structure. We take advantage of these new long baselines to probe PKS 1934 - 638 at the relatively low frequency of 1.4 GHz in order to examine the effects of optical depth on the structure of the radio source. Optical depth effects, resulting in the observation of frequency-dependent structure, may have previously been interpreted in terms of an expansion of the source as a function of time. Expansion and frequency-dependent effects are important to disentangle in order to estimate the age of PKS 1934 - 638. We show that frequency-dependent structure effects are likely to be important in PKS 1934 - 638 and present a simple two-dimensional synchrotron source model in which opacity effects due to synchrotron self-absorption are taken into account. Evidence for expansion of the radio source over 40 years is therefore weak with consequences for the estimated age of the radio source.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Feasibility analyses for HEU to LEU fuel conversion of the LAUE Langivin Institute (ILL) High Flux Reactor (RHF).
The High Flux Reactor (RHF) of the Laue Langevin Institute (ILL) based in Grenoble, France is a research reactor designed primarily for neutron beam experiments for fundamental science. It delivers one of the most intense neutron fluxes worldwide, with an unperturbed thermal neutron flux of 1.5 x 10{sup 15} n/cm{sup 2}/s in its reflector. The reactor has been conceived to operate at a nuclear power of 57 MW but currently operates at 52 MW. The reactor currently uses a Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) fuel. In the framework of its non-proliferation policies, the international community presently aims to minimize the amount of nuclear material available that could be used for nuclear weapons. In this geopolitical context, most worldwide research and test reactors have already started a program of conversion to the use of Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) fuel. A new type of LEU fuel based on a mixture of uranium and molybdenum (UMo) is expected to allow the conversion of compact high performance reactors like the RHF. This report presents the results of reactor design, performance and steady state safety analyses for conversion of the RHF from the use of HEU fuel to the use of UMo LEU fuel. The objective of this work was to show that is feasible, under a set of manufacturing assumptions, to design a new RHF fuel element that could safely replace the HEU element currently used. The new proposed design has been developed to maximize performance, minimize changes and preserve strong safety margins. Neutronics and thermal-hydraulics models of the RHF have been developed and qualified by benchmark against experiments and/or against other codes and models. The models developed were then used to evaluate the RHF performance if LEU UMo were to replace the current HEU fuel 'meat' without any geometric change to the fuel plates. Results of these direct replacement analyses have shown a significant degradation of the RHF performance, in terms of both neutron flux and cycle length. Consequently, ANL and ILL have collaborated to investigate alternative designs. A promising candidate design has been selected and studied, increasing the total amount of fuel without changing the external plate dimensions by relocating the burnable poison. In this way, changes required in the fuel element are reasonably small. With this new design, neutronics analyses have shown that performance could be maintained at a high level: 2 day decrease of cycle length (to 47.5 days at 58.3 MW) and 1-2% decrease of brightness in the cold and hot sources in comparison to the current typical operation. In addition, studies have shown that the thermal-hydraulic and shutdown margins for the proposed LEU design would satisfy technical specifications.
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
Double quantum dot with tunable coupling in a Si MOS device with lateral geometry.
We report low-temperature transport measurements of a silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) double quantum dot (DQD). In contrast to previously reported measurements of DQD's in Si MOS structures, our device has a lateral gate geometry very similar to that used by Petta et al. to demonstrate coherent manipulation of single electron spins. This gate design provides a high degree of tunability, allowing for independent control over individual dot occupation and tunnel barriers, as well as the ability to use nearby constrictions to sense dot charge occupation. Comparison of experimentally extracted capacitances between the dot and nearby gates with electrostatic modeling demonstrates the presence of disorder and the ability to partially compensate for this disorder by adjustment of gate voltages. We experimentally show gate-controlled tuning of the interdot coupling over a wide range of energies, an important step towards potential quantum computing applications.
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
Sandia National Labs : ion trapping microsystem development.
No abstract prepared.
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
CERTS Microgrid Laboratory Test Bed
CERTS Microgrid concept captures the emerging potential of distributed generation using a system approach. CERTS views generation and associated loads as a subsystem or a 'microgrid'. The sources can operate in parallel to the grid or can operate in island, providing UPS services. The system can disconnect from the utility during large events (i.e. faults, voltage collapses), but may also intentionally disconnect when the quality of power from the grid falls below certain standards. CERTS Microgrid concepts were demonstrated at a full-scale test bed built near Columbus, Ohio and operated by American Electric Power. The testing fully confirmed earlier research that had been conducted initially through analytical simulations, then through laboratory emulations, and finally through factory acceptance testing of individual microgrid components. The islanding and resynchronization method met all Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standard 1547 and power quality requirements. The electrical protection system was able to distinguish between normal and faulted operation. The controls were found to be robust under all conditions, including difficult motor starts and high impedance faults.
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗