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Smith, K. A.

Publications and source records attributed to Smith, K. A..

At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2015

Space Qualification of the Optical Filter Assemblies for the ICESat-2/ATLAS Instrument

The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) will be the only instrument on the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite -2 (ICESat-2). ICESat-2 is the 2nd-generation of the orbiting laser altimeter ICESat, which will continue polar ice topography measurements with improved precision laser-ranging techniques. In contrast to the original ICESat design, ICESat-2 will use a micro-pulse, multi-beam approach that provides dense cross-track sampling to help scientists determine a surface's slope with each pass of the satellite. The ATLAS laser will emit visible, green laser pulses at a wavelength of 532 nm and a rate of 10 kHz and will be split into 6 beams. A set of six identical, thermally tuned optical filter assemblies (OFA) will be used to remove background solar radiation from the collected signal while transmitting the laser light to the detectors. A seventh assembly will be used to monitor the laser center wavelength during the mission. In this paper, we present the design and optical performance measurements of the ATLAS OFA in air and in vacuum prior to their integration on the ATLAS instrument.

Etalons↗
NASA NTRS2012

Solid State Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigation of Electrolyte Decomposition Products on Lithium Ion Electrodes

Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in lithium ion cells prepared with advanced electrolytes is investigated by solid state multinuclear (7Li, 19F, 31P) magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of electrode materials harvested from cycled cells subjected to an accelerated aging protocol. The electrolyte composition is varied to include the addition of fluorinated carbonates and triphenyl phosphate (TPP, a flame retardant). In addition to species associated with LiPF6 decomposition, cathode NMR spectra are characterized by the presence of compounds originating from the TPP additive. Substantial amounts of LiF are observed in the anodes as well as compounds originating from the fluorinated carbonates.

Li-ion battery electrolytes↗
NASA NTRS2009

Performance Demonstration of Mcmb-LiNiCoO2 Cells Containing Electrolytes Designed for Wide Operating Temperature Range

With the intent of improving the performance of Li-ion cells over a wide operating temperature range, we have investigated the use of co-solvents to improve the properties of electrolyte formulations. In the current study, we have focused upon evaluating promising electrolytes which have been incorporated into large capacity (7 Ah) prototype Li-ion cells, fabricated by Yardney Technical Products, Inc. The electrolytes selected for performance evaluation include the use of a number of esters as co-solvents, including methyl propionate (MP), ethyl propionate (EP), ethyl butyrate (EB), propyl butyrate (PB), and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl butyrate (TFEB). The performance of the prototype cells containing the ester-based electrolytes was compared with an extensive data base generated on cells containing previously developed all carbonate-based electrolytes. A number of performance tests were performed, including determining (i) the discharge rate capacity over a wide range of temperatures, (ii) the charge characteristics, (iii) the cycle life characteristics under various conditions, and (iv) the impedance characteristics.

Smart, M. C.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Experimental and theoretical studies of the He(2+)-He system - Differential cross sections for direct, single-, and double-charge-transfer scattering at keV energies

Measurements and calculations of differential cross sections for direct scattering, single-charge transfer, and double-charge transfer in collisions of 1.5-, 2.0-, 6.0-, and 10.0-keV (He-3)2+ with an He-4 target are reported. The measurements cover laboratory scattering angles below 1.5 deg with an angular resolution of about 0.03 deg. A quantum-mechanical molecular-state representation is employed in the calculations; in the case of single-charge transfer a two-state close-coupling calculation is carried out taking into account electron-translation effects. The theoretical calculations agree well with the experimental results for direct scattering and double-charge transfer. The present calculation identifies the origins of oscillatory structures observed in the differential cross sections.

Gao, R. S.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Absolute differential cross sections for electron capture and loss by kilo-electron-volt hydrogen atoms

This paper reports measurements of absolute differential cross sections for electron capture and loss for fast hydrogen atoms incident on H2, N2, O2, Ar, and He. Cross sections have been determined in the 2.0- to 5.0-keV energy range over the laboratory angular range 0.02-2 deg, with an angular, resolution of 0.02 deg. The high angular resolution allows observation of the structure at small angles in some of the cross sections. Comparison of the present results with those of other authors generally shows very good agreement.

Smith, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Differential cross sections for scattering of 0.5-, 1.5-, and 5.0 keV oxygen atoms by He, N2, and O2

This paper reports measurements of absolute scattering cross sections, differential in angle, for collisions of ground-state oxygen atoms with He, N2, and O2. Data are presented for scattering of 0.5-, 1.5-, and 5.0-keV oxygen-atom projectiles in the range of laboratory frame angles between 0.06 and 5 deg. These measurements provide information relevant to calculations of the aeronomic consequences of O(+) precipitation in the earth's upper atmosphere.

Schafer, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Differential cross sections for scattering of 0.5-, 1.5-, and 5.0-keV hydrogen atoms by He, H2, N2, and O2

This paper reports measurements of absolute cross sections, differential in angle, for scattering of 0.5-, 1.5-, and 5.0-keV hydrogen atoms by He, H2, N2, and O2 at laboratory scattering angles between 0.1 and 5 deg. The measured cross sections are the sums of those for elastic and inelastic collisions having a fast H atom product and are needed for calculating energy transfer to the upper atmosphere from precipitating ring current particles.

Newman, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Differential scattering cross sections for collisions of 0.5-, 1.5-, and 5.0-keV helium atoms with He, H2, N2, and O2

This paper reports the first results of an experimental program established to provide cross section data for use in modeling various atmospheric processes. Absolute cross sections, differential in the scattering angle, have been measured for collisions of 0.5-, 1.5-, and 5.0-keV helium atoms with He, H2, N2, and O2 at laboratory scattering angles between 0.1 deg and 5 deg. The results are the sums of cross sections for elastic and inelastic scattering of helium atoms; charged collision products are not detected. Integration of the differential cross section data yields integral cross sections consistent with measurements by other workers. The apparatus employs a position-sensitive detector for both primary and scattered particles and uses a short target cell with a large exit aperture to ensure a simple and well-defined apparatus geometry.

Newman, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Absolute and angular efficiencies of a microchannel-plate position-sensitive detector

This paper presents a characterization of a commercially available position-sensitive detector of energetic ions and neutrals. The detector consists of two microchannel plates followed by a resistive position-encoding anode. The work includes measurement of absolute efficiencies of H(+), He(+), and O(+) ions in the energy range between 250 and 5000 eV, measurement of relative detection efficiencies as a function of particle impact angle, and a simple method for accurate measurement of the time at which a particle strikes the detector.

Gao, R. S.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Training Simulator for Fire Management

Users manipulate resources in practicing fire-control strategy. Users manipulate resource information displayed on two separate monitors, as computer-generated messages and computer-controlled fire scenes.

Smith, K. A.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Integrated verification and testing system (IVTS) for HAL/S programs

The IVTS is a large software system designed to support user-controlled verification analysis and testing activities for programs written in the HAL/S language. The system is composed of a user interface and user command language, analysis tools and an organized data base of host system files. The analysis tools are of four major types: (1) static analysis, (2) symbolic execution, (3) dynamic analysis (testing), and (4) documentation enhancement. The IVTS requires a split HAL/S compiler, divided at the natural separation point between the parser/lexical analyzer phase and the target machine code generator phase. The IVTS uses the internal program form (HALMAT) between these two phases as primary input for the analysis tools. The dynamic analysis component requires some way to 'execute' the object HAL/S program. The execution medium may be an interpretive simulation or an actual host or target machine.

Senn, E. H.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Single and multiple ionization of sulfur atoms by electron impact

In 1979 significant concentrations of singly and multiply charged sulfur ions were observed in the Io torus. Attempts to model these observations revealed a need for new fundamental cross section data. In response, laboratory measurements of the cross-sections for single, double, triple and quadruple ionization of sulfur atoms by electron impact are presented for collision energies from threshold to 500 eV.

Ziegler, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Charge transfer in H/+/-H and H/+/-D collisions within the energy range 0.1-150 eV

Absolute charge-transfer cross sections for collisions of protons with hydrogen and deuterium atoms have been measured within the energy range 0.1 to 150 eV using the merging-beams technique. The results are in excellent agreement with a fully quantum-mechanical treatment of this reaction. Earlier measurements which extended down to about 10 eV lie somewhat above the present values.

Newman, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Double ionization of atomic oxygen by electron impact

Laboratory measurements of the cross-sections for double ionization of atomic oxygen by electrons are presented for energies from threshold to approximately 400 eV. A maximum cross-section of about 5.6 x 10 to the -18th sq cm is observed at an electron energy of approx. 200 eV. Absolute cross-sections are obtained from measurements of the ratio of the cross-sections for double and single ionization, coupled with absolute cross-sections for single ionization previously measured by other investigators. The possible effects of excited oxygen reactants are examined, and the reported cross-sections are considered to be characteristic of ground state oxygen atoms.

Ziegler, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Requirements and preliminary design for a general purpose real-time executive for flight computers

The requirements and preliminary design of a general purpose, real-time executive computers program for flight computers are provided. A description and the requirements are included for the major elements of the executive: an initialization model, a task scheduler, and an interrupt handler. Task priorities and various process interrupts are discussed. System parameters and variables are identified which make the design adaptable to various flight computer and applicaton specifications.

Smith, K. A.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Ozone, ultraviolet flux and temperature of the paleoatmosphere

The development of surface and atmospheric levels of paleoatmospheric ozone is calculated by means of a detailed photochemical model and used to determine the levels of ultraviolet flux to the surface and the surface and atmospheric temperatures of the primitive earth. The model takes into account the chemistry of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen species and the effects of vertical transport in an atmosphere originally composed of as much N2, H2O and CO2 as the present atmosphere to which O2 is added to calculate the vertical profiles of O3 and nitrogen oxides as a function of O2 content. Calculations show that as oxygen content increases from 0.0001 to 1 times its present value, the height of the ozone peak moves from 5 to 25 km, and that maximum ozone densities are achieved for an O2 level of 0.1 times the present. Calculations of solar UV absorption by atmospheric species indicate the presence of a UV window between 200 and 220 nm that closed only when O2 reached 0.01 times its present level. Finally, calculations made using a radiative-convective model reveal that O3 levels corresponding to an O2 level of 0.1 times the present result in a globally averaged surface temperature increase of about 4.5 K for the present solar constant.

Levine, J. S.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Evaluation of verification and testing tools for FORTRAN programs

Two automated software verification and testing systems were developed for use in the analysis of computer programs. An evaluation of the static analyzer DAVE and the dynamic analyzer PET, which are used in the analysis of FORTRAN programs on Control Data (CDC) computers, are described. Both systems were found to be effective and complementary, and are recommended for use in testing FORTRAN programs.

Smith, K. A.↗